Artificial Intelligence (AI)
12 Aug 2023 6 mins Download PDF
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Why in the news?
The number of organisations adopting AI technology in India has gone up by 2.5 times with widespread applications in education, health, finance, mobility and e-commerce among others.
What is AI?
AI is the intelligence of a machine to work based on human cognitive skills that has the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize or learn from past experience, do problem solving, perception and using language.
Types of AI learning:
Supervised Learning |
Reinforced Learning |
Unsupervised Learning / Predictive learning |
Guide machine by providing sample inputs and desired outputs.
Eg: Speech recognition Driverless Cars Face Recognition Classifying emails as spam & non-spam |
Learning data gives feedback to the system and evaluates its performance based on it and reacts accordingly.
Eg:Chess master algorithm |
There is no data fed for learning with descriptions or labels |
Subsets of AI |
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Machine Learning |
Deep Learning |
Adaptive Learning |
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Applications of AI:
Education |
Healthcare |
Environment |
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Eg: Google to predict risk of Heart Attack by scanning retina.
Eg: Fitbit, iWatch, can calculate calories burned & sleeping pattern.
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Energy |
Entertainment |
Space |
Eg: smart electrical meters.
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Eg: Netflix, spotify
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Eg: Feder(Russia) sent to space to assist astronauts in ISS for 10 days.
Eg: Chaser (ESA) to be sent in 2025 to clean orbital debris. |
Benefits of AI:
- Reduction in human error
- Take risk instead of humans
Eg: DAKSH- developed by DRDO to identify and dismantle land mines.
- Available 24/7
Eg: Chatbots.
- Help in doing repetitive jobs
Eg: Banking robot Lakshmi can verify documents in banks
- Faster decisions making
Eg: chess game in windows
- Daily applications
Eg: Siri, Google assistant
- New inventions jobs
Eg: Prediction of breast cancer
- New AI technologies create entirely new jobs
Eg: Prompt Engineering- New profession
- Helps in democratization of Knowledge - AI helps in better visualization, effective communication and compiling known facts to all.
Concerns with AI:
- Creates unemployment in unskilled and semi-skilled category.
World Economic Forum: By 2025, machines will displace 85 million jobs even as they create 97 million new jobs
- Intrinsic biases of AI creator can underrepresent minority views or take decisions against values of certain communities based on race, caste, religion, etc.,
- AI can perpetuate inequality in the society and promote concentration of wealth because of AI-divide, more intensive than digital divide.
- Can demoralize creative talents as recognition to them drops.
Eg: Gofundme Campaign was held to protect artists from AI technology.
- Ethical concerns - Responsible use, fairness and misuse of AI.
What can be done?
- Restructure our education system and traditional career trajectories to acquire expertise.
- Governments should form Advisory groups to formulate AI & data governance policy guidelines for responsible use of AI.
- Companies should incorporate AI Code of conduct.
- Restrict AI from using human pronouns such as 'I', to prevent AI's identity to be mistaken as human and cause false sense of reality among users.
Eg: Google's AI technology that auto completes words in Gmail doesn't predict pronouns, to avoid exposing any unconscious gender biases in the model.
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