India and Maldives ties
14 Oct 2023 7 mins Download PDF
Why in the News?
The recent Maldives Presidential election led to winning of Mohamed Muizzu who has been known for his Anti-India Campaign in Maldives.
India’s footprints in Maldives:
- They are deep-rooted, both historically and in contemporary relations in spite of changes caused due to change in leadership in Maldives.
- India as the closest neighbour:
- Maldives with an area of 90,000 sq km encompasses 99.6 per cent of the sea and remaining land is distributed over more than 1,200 islands.
- It is predicted that 80% of Maldives will cease to exist by 2050 due to “Global Boiling”.
- Given that geography is destiny, it is true for both the countries as they are entwined.
- Historical ties:
- Maldives’ challenges to democratic governance:
- a constitution that bars anyone non-Sunni to become a Maldivian citizen
- a nascent civil society
- a tradition of patronage
- a problem of increasing drug abuse
- a distorted labour market
- growing inequality
- an economy dependent on external factors
- growing trend of religious extremism
- India has always been a factor in Maldives, for instance, there was only Buddhism in Maldives which was replaced in the 12th century by Islam.
- During the British protectorate years (1887-1965), Maldives depended on India for essentials and The State Bank of India was the major financer that helped to build the country’s tourist economy.
- Even today, State Bank of India acts as the largest bank in the island country.
- India provided a helping hand in all circumstances to Maldives:
- For instance, during an attempted coup in 1988.
- 2004 Tsunami
- 2014 water shortage
- Maldives’ challenges to democratic governance:
- Enormous scale of cooperation with India:
- India’s gifting of helicopters
- Capacity building through joint exercises like the Ekuverin, Ekatha, surveillance assets
- Training of 1,400 MNDF trainers in recent years
- Disaster management
- Security assistance to Maldives in exchange of its hand of friendship and trust.
- Indian teachers and doctors play a critical role in the country especially in the remote inhabited islands.
- Development projects such as greater Male connectivity.
- India provides most essential items in bulk like rice, wheat flour, sugar, potatoes and onions, eggs, vegetables as special dispensation.
- High stakes of Maldives for India:
- Maldives is a first line of defence against
- Terrorism
- Piracy on the high seas
- Drug trafficking
- Narcotics
- Other maritime crimes
- The China factor:
- China’s entry into Maldives is solely to advance its own interests through debt financing, leading to debt traps and consequent hegemony of China.
- China’s policy of interference in the internal politics and support to conservative elements in Maldives can become a barrier in development of a vibrant democracy in Maldives.
- Maldives is a first line of defence against
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