India and Russia’s Moon missions
16 Aug 2023 6 mins Download PDF
India and Russia’s Moon missions
Why in the News?
Russia has launched a mission to the moon name Luna-25 that could land on the moon days before Chandrayaan-3 in the Lunar South Pole, likely to take away the title of the first country soft -land close to the South Pole
Why is Russia reaching the moon earlier than India?
- Luna-25 was launched in Soyuz rocket almost a month after the launch of Chandrayaan-3.
- The reason for less time to cover the 3.84-lakh-km journey to lunar surface within days is because of a more direct trajectory followed towards the moon due to its lighter payload and more fuel storage.
- The lift-off mass for Luna 25 is just 1,750 kg while that of Chandrayaan-3 was 3,900 kg.
- Chandrayaan-3 followed a a more circuitous route to make up for the lower fuel reserve available on the LVM3 vehicle.
- Another reason for early landing of Luna-25 is because lunar dawn at its landing site will happen earlier compared to Chandrayaan-3 landing site.
Differences between Chandrayaan-3 and Luna-25:
|
Chandrayaan-3 |
Luna-25 |
1. |
has a rover capable of moving around 500 metres |
does not carry a rover |
2. |
Mission life is 14 days because it doesn’t have heating mechanism to keep the electronics safe from the extreme cold temperatures during the lunar night. |
Mission life is 1 year because it has heating mechanism as well as a power source other than just solar panels. |
3. |
Follow a trajectory consisting of
|
Follows nearly a direct directory to the moon. |
4. |
Lift-off mass is ~3900 kg |
Lift-off mass is ~1750kg |
|
About: Chandrayaan-3:
-
- The spacecraft has been launched to demonstrate
- An end-to-end capability in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface.
- New technologies required for Inter planetary missions.
- Conduct in-situ scientific experiments.
- Launcher: GSLV-Mk3 which will place the integrated module (PM, LM & RM) into the Elliptical parking Orbit (EPO)
- It consists of 3 indigenous modules
- Propulsion module (PM) – carries the Lunar Module from launch vehicle injection till final lunar 100 km circular Lunar orbit.
- Lander module (LM) – Rover is present inside the Lander.
- The spacecraft has been launched to demonstrate
Several Lander special tests carried out in earth conditions include:
-
-
-
-
- Integrated cold test
- Integrated Hot test
- Lander Leg Mechanism
-
- Rover Module (RM)
-
-
Payloads |
||
Propulsion Module |
||
1. |
Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) |
Used to study the spectral and Polari-metric measurements of Earth from the moon’s orbit. |
Lander Module |
||
1. |
Chandra’s Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) |
Measures the thermal properties of lunar surface near polar region. |
2. |
Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) |
Measures the seismic activities around the landing site
|
3. |
Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA) & Langmuir Probe (LP) |
Estimates the plasma density and its variations with time |
4. |
A passive Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) from NASA |
Used for lunar laser ranging studies |
Rover Module |
||
1. |
Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS)
|
Used for deriving the elemental composition of Lunar soil and rocks around the lunar landing site. |
2. |
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) |
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