Context: The Union Cabinet cleared a ₹4,797-crore programme called ‘Prithvi’ (Earth) that is expected to subsume five existing schemes of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES).

About Prithvi Vigyan Scheme:

The Prithvi scheme consolidates five existing sub-schemes, namely:

• Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems & Services (ACROSS)
• Ocean Services, Modelling Application, Resources and Technology (O-SMART)
• Polar Science and Cryosphere Research (PACER)
• Seismology and Geosciences (SAGE)
• Research, Education, Training and Outreach (REACHOUT)

Aim:

The integration of these sub-schemes aims to enhance the understanding of Earth's systems and apply scientific knowledge for societal, environmental, and economic benefits.

Objectives and Focus Areas:

• Comprehensive Observations: The scheme emphasizes long-term monitoring across the atmosphere, ocean, geosphere, cryosphere, and solid earth to track Earth System's vital signs and changes.
• Development of Predictive Models: It focuses on creating models for weather, ocean, and climate hazards and advancing climate change science.
• Exploration Initiatives: Exploration of Polar Regions and high seas is a key aspect, aiming to discover new phenomena and Resources.
• Technological Advancements: The scheme stresses the development of technology for the sustainable exploitation of oceanic Resources for societal applications.

Role of the Ministry of Earth Sciences:

• Provision of Critical Services: The Ministry is responsible for delivering crucial services related to weather, climate, ocean and coastal states, hydrology, seismology, and natural hazards.
• Support in Disaster Management: These services are essential for issuing forecasts and warnings for natural disasters, aiding in disaster preparedness and risk mitigation.

Holistic Approach to Earth System Sciences:

• Broad Scope of Study: Earth System Sciences involve studying the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere, and their complex interactions.
• Integrated Research Efforts: The Prithvi scheme aims to address these components comprehensively, enhancing understanding and providing reliable services for India.

Impact and Future Prospects:

• Addressing Major Challenges: The integrated research and development efforts under the scheme will tackle significant challenges in various fields like weather, climate, oceanography, cryospheric studies, and seismology.
• Harnessing Resources Sustainably: It explores sustainable methods to utilize both living and non-living Resources, contributing to national development and environmental conservation.