CONTEXT: On the issue of movement of professionals, the official said that immigration debate and the ongoing FTA discussions in services are completely different things.

Lack of regulatory alignment with global standards in the service sector and resistance to foreign competition are obstacles to India's efforts to strike deals with global services leaders like the European Union and the United Kingdom.

• India is in agreement with free trade agreement (FTA) partners on the movement of business professionals, as there is a strong demand for Indian professionals in the UK and European businesses.
• Challenges in the service sector include outdated regulations and barriers on foreign direct investment (FDI), limiting the inclusive growth of the sector.
• Legal services are cited as an example where resistance to opening the sector hinders opportunities for Indian graduates and limits access to legal services for Indian multinationals.
• India's restriction on brand-based retail and e-commerce models is viewed as not in line with globally followed norms, impacting FDI inflows.
• Gross FDI equity inflows into the services sector show a significant skew, with the computer software and hardware sector receiving the majority of FDI.
• The delay in signing the India-UK FTA is attributed to the comprehensive nature of the deal and the need for regulatory alignment.

Free Trade Agreement (FTA).

• A Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is a formal agreement established between two or more countries with the aim of minimizing obstacles to the exchange of imports and exports among them.
• In adherence to a free trade policy, there is a facilitation of the buying and selling of goods and services across global borders, characterized by minimal government-imposed tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or restrictions.
• Essentially, the essence of free trade stands in contrast to practices such as trade protectionism or economic isolationism. FTAs encompass various types, including Preferential Trade Agreements, Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreements, and Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreements (CEPAs).

India-UK Trade Deal: A Glimpse into a Booming Partnership

• In 2022, India and the UK officially embarked on Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations, aiming to significantly boost trade.
• While a full FTA is in the works, an interim free trade area is being considered to reduce tariffs on many goods as a stepping stone.
• Both nations agreed on an "early harvest" deal to lower tariffs on specific goods and ease regulations for select services, focusing on areas with minimal friction.
• Sensitive sectors like agriculture and dairy in India are currently off-limits for discussion.

Trade Landscape:

• Between 2007 and 2019, India-UK trade more than doubled, showcasing substantial growth potential.
• As of 2022, India stands as the UK's 12th largest trading partner overall, accounting for 2% of its total trade.
• Bilateral trade reached $20.36 billion in 2022-23, further highlighting the increasing economic ties.

Potential Benefits of the FTA:

• Export Boom: For India, the FTA could unlock significant export growth in sectors like textiles, leather goods, footwear, and marine products.
• Clarity and Ease for Services: Improved regulations and streamlined processes in the FTA are expected to benefit service sectors like IT/ITES, healthcare, education, and AYUSH.
• Strategic Diversification: After opting out of the RCEP deal, the India-UK FTA gains crucial importance as a gateway to key markets and a means to diversify trade channels.
• Strengthened Global Ties: Closer economic ties with the UK, a permanent member of the UN Security Council and a strategic partner, could offer India valuable support on global issues.

Looking Ahead:

• Ongoing negotiations face challenges surrounding intellectual property rights, global value chains, digital trade, and rules of origin.
• India's cautious approach and emphasis on securing a

comprehensive deal demonstrate its commitment to protecting its interests.

• The future of India's trade agreements hinges on the outcome of these negotiations, making them a critical turning point in the nation's economic strategy.