Context: The Art Institute of Chicago is radiating with the spirit of enlightenment as it celebrates Vivekananda Jayanti 2024, also known as National Youth Day, transforming its historic staircase into a beacon of unity adorned with the immortal words of Swami Vivekananda’s iconic 1893 speech. 

About Swami Vivekananda:

• Swami Vivekananda, initially named Narendra Nath Dutta, was born on January 12, 1863, in  Kolkata.
• He became the chief disciple of the 19th-century mystic and yogi Ramakrishna Paramhansa.
• Ramakrishna Paramhansa founded the Ramakrishna Math, a monastic order, and the Ramakrishna Mission, a worldwide spiritual movement based on Vedanta philosophy. Both are located in Kolkata.
• Swami Vivekananda played a crucial role in enlightening the Western world about Hinduism and promoting the ancient Hindu philosophy of Vedanta.
• As a disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa, he advocated for national integration in colonial India.
• Credited with reviving Hinduism in the nation, Swami Vivekananda's teachings left a lasting impact on spiritual and philosophical thought.

Early Life and Spiritual Awakening

• Swami Vivekananda showed an early interest in Western philosophy, history, religion, and spirituality, displaying a broad range of knowledge. He meditated in front of Hindu deities’ images.
• Met Guru Ramakrishna Paramhansa, adopting the name 'Vivekananda' in 1893 at the request of Maharaja Ajit Singh. He was previously known as 'Sachidananda.'
• Authored books like Raja Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Karma Yoga, contributing to spiritual literature.
• Passed away on July 4, 1902, leaving a significant impact on society.

Contributions:

• Swami Vivekananda introduced the world to Indian philosophies, particularly Vedanta and Yoga, promoting the harmony between spirituality and material progress.
• Emphasis on Education: Advocated for holistic, character-building education as a means of regenerating India and shaping morally upright individuals.
• World Parliament of Religions: Gained global recognition for his 1893 speech in Chicago, emphasizing religious tolerance, harmony, and the unity of humanity.
• Pathways to Liberation: Expounded on the four paths to liberation - Raja Yoga, Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Bhakti Yoga - providing practical insights for spiritual journeys.
• Influence on Modern India: Deeply influenced modern India; Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose referred to him as the "maker of modern India."

Associated Organizations:

• Ramakrishna Mission (1897): Founded to focus on value-based education, cultural preservation, healthcare, women’s empowerment, youth and tribal welfare, and relief efforts.
• Belur Math (1899): Established as Vivekananda’s permanent abode and the headquarters of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission.
• Advaita Ashrama: Founded in Mayavati, Uttarakhand, concentrating on the study and practice of Advaita Vedanta philosophy, book printing, spiritual retreats, and educational and healthcare initiatives.
• Vedanta Society: Inspired the establishment of Vedanta Societies worldwide to improve understanding of Vedanta philosophy and provide a forum for spiritual seekers.
• Bharat Sevashram Sangha: Although not created by Vivekananda, he encouraged its formation. The group focuses on altruistic service to humanity through educational, medical, and relief efforts.

National Youth Day

• It is annually observed on January 12 in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda, who was born on January 12, 1863, in Kolkata. The year 2024 marks the 161st birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.
• The decision to designate Vivekananda's birthday as National Youth Day was made in 1984, and it was first celebrated on January 12, 1985.
• In 1984, the government emphasized that Swami Vivekananda's philosophy and the ideals he lived and worked for could serve as a significant SOURCE of inspiration for the youth of India.