Why in News?
Professor Claudia Goldin became the 3rd woman to be awarded the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences which is commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize for Economics.
Importance of feminism in economic growth of india- Increasing female labor force participation - As attitudes towards working women have improved, India's female labor force participation rate has risen over time, though it remains lower than men's. More women working boosts incomes, productivity and GDP growth. - Improving girls' education - Literacy rates for young women have risen substantially thanks to greater access to primary and secondary education. Educated women tend to be more productive at work, earn higher incomes, and invest more in their children's health and education. - Promoting financial inclusion - Feminist efforts have expanded women's access to bank accounts, credit, and financial services. This enables more women to start businesses, make productivity-enhancing investments, and manage household expenses. - Changing attitudes and norms - Activism around issues like domestic violence, inheritance rights, and women's autonomy helps shift patriarchal norms. As attitudes improve, women gain more decision-making power and economic opportunities. - Increasing political participation - Having more women in state and national legislatures raises attention towards women-friendly policies. Things like paid maternity leave, childcare support, and protections against discrimination boost women's labor force participation. - Spurring innovation - Indian women have made strides in areas like science, technology and business. Emerging female leaders and entrepreneurs create economic value through new innovations, products and services. While India still has a long way to go, feminist movements have helped bring about important legal, social and economic changes enabling women to better contribute to the country's growth and development. |
The Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2023 ranked India 111 among 125 nations, a fall of four places from last year has received a push-back by the Indian government.
India scored poorer than several of its neighboring countries on the index, including Pakistan (102nd), Bangladesh (81st), Nepal (69th), and Sri Lanka (60th).
GHI scores are based on the values of four component indicators: 1. Undernourishment: This indicator measures the proportion of the population whose caloric intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements on a continuous basis. It is based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2. Child Wasting: This indicator measures the proportion of children under the age of five who have low weight for their height, reflecting acute undernutrition. It is based on data from WHO, World Bank and UNICEF. 3. Child Stunting: This indicator measures the proportion of children under the age of five who have low height for their age, reflecting chronic undernutrition. It is based on data from WHO, World Bank and UNICEF. 4. Child Mortality: This indicator measures the mortality rate of children under the age of five. It is based on data from the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. The four indicators are given different weightages in the calculation of the GHI score. Undernourishment is given the highest weight of one-third, while child wasting, child stunting and child mortality are given equal weights of one-sixth each. These four components together provide a multidimensional measure of hunger and undernutrition in countries. |
Though criticisms about the methodology may be valid, it shouldn’t divert policymakers’ attention from the persistent problem of poor food intake.
Australians will vote in a referendum to be held soon, to decide whether the country’s indigenous peoples should be formally consulted in making laws.
Who are the ‘First Peoples of Australia’?
The recent Maldives Presidential election led to winning of Mohamed Muizzu who has been known for his Anti-India Campaign in Maldives.
Why in the News?
The lethal attacks by Hamas on Israel have overturned the latter’s efforts, supported by the US, to promote a normalisation of relations with Arab states.
On October 7, the Palestinian militant group Hamas initiated a major assault on Israel that resulted in 1,300 Israeli casualties. Israel responded with a fierce bombing campaign in Gaza that has so far killed at least 1,900 Palestinians, with the possibility of an Israeli ground invasion into the territory still looming. Amid this escalating violence between Israel and Hamas, Saudi Arabia has pressed pause on any talks about potential normalization of diplomatic ties with Israel, according to a source familiar with the discussions who spoke to Agence France-Presse (AFP). The source said Saudi officials have informed U.S. representatives that they are suspending any dialogue on establishing formal relations with Israel for the time being. A source told Agence France-Presse (AFP) on Saturday that Saudi Arabia has put on hold any discussions about potentially establishing formal diplomatic relations with Israel. This comes amid the ongoing violent conflict between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas in Gaza. |
Six working groups’ report on framing the Indian government’s artificial intelligence (AI) roadmap has recommendations for public-private partnerships to make semiconductors for AI applications.
The PPP model would be leveraged to build so-called “GPU clusters”.
Such GPU clusters shall act as masses of resource-intensive graphics processors used by AI applications, which will be made available to Indian start-ups and researchers.
The report recommends:
Fiscal interventions to facilitate local manufacturing of robotics hardware
Building of ‘demonstration facilities’ to test and show off technologies.
Building capacity in the robotics sector
About:
The Electronic Manufacturing sector has grown from $30 billion to over $100 billion.
India has more than 200 mobile manufacturing units.
Domestic semiconductor consumption is expected to reach $80 billion by 2026.
Efforts taken to enable the growth of the industry:
India’s Semiconductor Mission:
To make India a global hub for electronics, chip manufacturing, and design.
Launched as part of the ‘Make in India’ Initiative.
The mission proposes a $10 billion incentive plan with a fiscal outlay of up to 50% of a project’s cost to display and semiconductor fabricators.
Four Schemes under the Mission
Semiconductor Fab Scheme – A fiscal support of up to % of project cost on projects appraised by the Expenditure Finance Committee.
Display Fab Scheme - A fiscal support of up to % of project cost on projects appraised by the Expenditure Finance Committee.
Semiconductor and Semiconductor ATMP - fiscal support of 50% of capital expenditure to Compound Semiconductors / Silicon Photonics / Sensors (including MEMS) Fabs and Semiconductor Packaging (ATMP / OSAT) units.
Design Linked Incentive Scheme - offer financial incentives and design infrastructure support across various stages of development and deployment of semiconductor design(s) for Integrated Circuits (ICs), Chipsets, System on Chips (SoCs), Systems & IP Cores and semiconductor linked design(s) over a period of 5 years.
Challenges faced by the sector:
Shortage of water and energy requirements.
With ever increasing population and increased strain on water resources, access to water by semi-conductor industries will be a challenging one.
Power outages and coal shortages remains a concern until they are offset by adoption of renewable energy to expand the power grid as the sector requires electric supply available 24X7, uninterrupted, 365 days a year, except for the scheduled maintenance.
Need for Critical materials as raw materials for the semiconductor industry, as India either needs to import them or invest in domestic mining.
India meets its current raw material requirements through imports from China, constituting 40%.
Domestic mining shall take considerable time and financial investments.
Requirement of vast stretches of land protected from natural disasters such as Earthquakes.
Shortage of Skilled workforce apart from design engineers who are trained in Device physics and process technology required for fabricating and manufacturing chips.
Building a robust ecosystem because fabs require a variety of high-purity gases and wafers to fabricate the chips.
Other Potential competitors for India:
China - It has considerable resources and political will
Vietnam, the USA, and South Korea are also potential competitors.
Concerted efforts with the right policy implementation and resource facilitation shall enable India to emerge as a global hub for semiconductor manufacturing industry.
What is Immuno ACT?
The Immuno Act is legislation in the United States that provides liability protections for manufacturers of vaccines and other medical countermeasures during public health emergencies. Here are some key details about the Immuno Act:
So in summary, the Immuno Act provides legal immunity for vaccine makers to encourage development of medical countermeasures vital during public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Requirements of Curative PetitionHere are the key requirements for filing a curative petition in India:
So in summary, curative petitions have a high threshold and are entertained only in exceptional cases after all other remedies are exhausted. The requirements ensure they are not misused frequently. |
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