Fight against IUU Fishing

IUU fishing meaning has become a prominent topic in global environmental and economic discussions—and is increasingly relevant for SSC, UPSC, and other competitive exams.

IUU stands for Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated fishing, a practice that endangers marine ecosystems, food security, and the livelihoods of millions.

On June 5, the world observes the International Day for the Fight against IUU Fishing, highlighting the global urgency to eliminate illegal fishing practices and protect marine biodiversity.

This day also marks the anniversary of the Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA), a major step toward regulating unsustainable fishing.

What is the Meaning of IUU Fishing?

To fully understand the IUU fishing meaning, it's essential to break down its components:

• Illegal fishing practices – Fishing without proper authorization or in violation of national or international laws.

• Unreported fish catch – Failure to report or misreporting the quantity, species, or area of the fishing activity.

• Unregulated fishing vessels – Vessels operating in areas or for fish stocks where no management measures apply or by nations not part of regional agreements.

Together, these activities threaten marine resource exploitation and disrupt conservation efforts.

Why Is It in News?

This year’s observance aligns with the ninth anniversary of the PSMA, which came into effect on June 5, 2016.

The FAO definition of IUU fishing serves as a global benchmark, and the agreement now includes two-thirds of the world’s coastal countries—including recent signatories like the Marshall Islands.

Key Facts and Figures for SSC Aspirants

• 11–26 million tonnes of fish are lost annually to IUU fishing.

• Unauthorized fishing costs the economy between 10 and 23 billion USD each year.

• 1 in every 5 fish caught globally comes from IUU fishing sources.

• Overfishing and biodiversity loss are direct consequences of these unsustainable practices.

These numbers illustrate how serious the global illegal fishing problem has become.

Legal Framework & Agreements

Here are major instruments and agreements related to IUU fishing:

• 1995 FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries – A voluntary guideline that advocates for sustainable fisheries.

• 2009 PSMA – The inaugural legally binding international treaty designed to prevent the introduction of IUU-caught fish into the global market.

• SDG 14.4 – A Sustainable Development Goal aiming to regulate and eliminate IUU fishing by 2020.

Objectives of Combating IUU Fishing

• Protect fish stocks and ensure long-term food security.

• Strengthen monitoring, control, and surveillance mechanisms.

• Empower artisanal and small-scale fishers, who represent 90% of the global fisheries workforce.

• Stop the entry of IUU-caught fish into legal supply chains.

Impact of IUU Fishing on Oceans and Economy

Understanding the IUU fishing impact on oceans is critical. It contributes to:

• Marine ecosystem imbalance

• Destruction of breeding grounds

• Loss of revenue for legal fishers

• Involvement in transnational crimes like trafficking

Moreover, fishing without a license disrupts fair economic opportunities and feeds into the black market.

Why This Topic Is Important for SSC Exams

The meaning of IUU fishing is not only an important topic for SSC exams in the areas of ecology and the environment, but it also has something to do with

• International treaties

• Sustainable development

• Global governance

• Economic impact analysis

Candidates are advised to remember key facts, years of observance, and agreements like PSMA for MCQs and descriptive questions.

Summary: Key Takeaways

Final Thoughts

The IUU fishing meaning goes beyond textbook definitions—it is a global issue affecting food security, ecology, and international law.

As SSC aspirants, it is crucial to understand the depth of illegal fishing practices and the international frameworks in place to combat them.

Retain this subject in your revision list for the international affairs and environment sections.