India's K-4 Missile Test Boosts Naval Nuclear Deterrence

India's K-4 missile test, conducted by INS Arighaat, has enhanced its nuclear triad capabilities and provided a second-strike nuclear capability.

Missile and Submarine Specifications

Successful test of K-4 ballistic missile from INS Arighaat.

Missile specifications:

- Range: 3,500 kilometers
- Payload capacity: 2 tonnes
- Length: 10 meters
- Weight: 20 tonnes
Tested in Vishakahpatnam Coast (Bay of Bengal)
Significant upgrade from previous K-15 missile (750 km range)

Submarine capabilities:

- Nuclear-powered
- Can carry four K-4 missiles
- Commissioned in August 2024
- Indigenously developed

Strategic Significance

Enhances India's nuclear triad capabilities
Provides second-strike nuclear capability

Targets include:

- Entire Pakistan
- Significant portions of China
Demonstrates technological self-reliance (Aatmanirbharta)
Developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)

Uses advanced navigation systems:

- Inertial navigation
- GPS/NavIC satellite guidance
- Terrain contour matching

Broader Geopolitical Context

Responds to China's military assertiveness
Part of India's long-term military modernization
Nuclear submarine program initiated in 1970s

Future plans:

- Build six nuclear attack submarines
- Continuous technological improvements
Joins select group of nations with comprehensive nuclear capabilities
Missile can be launched from land, air, and sea platforms

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