Operation SWARNA River Revival

The Swarnamukhi River in Tirupati has recently gained attention with the launch of Operation SWARNA (Swarnamukhi Waterbody Action for River and Nala Awareness) by the Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA). This large-scale initiative aims to restore and protect the Swarnamukhi River in Tirupati, which is vital for the region’s ecology, agriculture, urban water supply, and cultural heritage.

SSC aspirants should note this development as it is a significant environmental and governance initiative in Andhra Pradesh's river management.

Background of the Srinivasa Varahamukhi River, Tirupati

The Swarnamukhi River, Tirupati originates from Pakala and flows eastwards for 130 kilometres, eventually emptying into the Bay of Bengal. It passes south of Tirupati and near Srikalahasti, both major cultural and tourist centres. Over the years, the river’s natural course has been severely affected by illegal encroachments and constructions, disrupting the ecosystem and increasing flood risks.

The Swarnamukhi River in Tirupati is especially important for providing water for irrigation and meeting the urban water needs of surrounding communities. Its cultural importance and ecological role make it one of the most significant in Andhra Pradesh.

Encroachments and Challenges

Illegal encroachments along the Swarnamukhi River, Tirupati, and its buffer zones have been a major challenge. Land grabbers occupied riverbanks, streams, tanks, and canals, and some even used fake survey numbers for illegal land registration. These activities intensified during the previous government’s tenure, resulting in severe floods in 2021. Many displaced residents lacked proper legal documentation to claim their homes.

To address these issues, the government initiated the Swarnamukhi River waterbody restoration project to safeguard the river’s natural flow and prevent future encroachments.

Operation SWARNA: River Restoration Project in the Swarnamukhi River, Tirupati

Operation SWARNA is a landmark initiative aimed at clearing all illegal encroachments along the Swarnamukhi River, Tirupat,  and its protected zones.

Key aspects of the project include:

• Mapping and Surveying: TUDA, supported by the Irrigation, Survey, and Revenue departments, will conduct a drone survey from Thondavada to Srikalahasti to map the river’s boundaries accurately.

• Protected Zones: A 50-metre buffer on either side of the river will be demarcated to prevent future encroachments.

• Legal Action: Strict enforcement measures will be implemented, including penalties for offenders and corrupt officials involved in land fraud.

• Institutional Framework: A joint committee of TUDA, municipal authorities, and government officials will oversee the project, similar to the powers of Hyderabad’s HYDRAA authority.

This project is officially recognized as the first major Swarnamukhi River restoration project in Tirupati, highlighting its importance in sustainable water management.

Tourism Development and Spiritual Significance

Apart from environmental restoration, Operation SWARNA Swarnamukhi River rejuvenation also focuses on tourism development along the Swarnamukhi River in Tirupati.

Key initiatives include:

• Riverfront Beautification: Near Tiruchanur temple, the riverfront will be developed to enhance its aesthetic appeal.

• Devotee Facilities: A culvert will be constructed to slow the river flow, allowing devotees to wash before visiting the Padmavathi temple.

• Cultural and Spiritual Value: The project emphasizes the Swarnamukhi River's spiritual significance for devotees visiting Tirupati, linking environmental protection with tourism and religious practices.

These efforts aim to boost local tourism while maintaining ecological balance.

Significance for SSC Aspirants

For SSC and other competitive exam aspirants, the Swarnamukhi River Tirupati project is an excellent case study for topics like:

• Environmental protection initiatives in India

• River rejuvenation and waterbody management

• Urban development and governance strategies

• Sustainable tourism development

Understanding Operation SWARNA provides insights into how state authorities manage natural resources while balancing urban development and cultural heritage.

Final Thoughts

The Swarnamukhi River in Tirupati is getting a new life thanks to Operation SWARNA. The project is not just about cleaning the river but also removing illegal encroachments and protecting the environment. It will make the riverfront near Tiruchanur and Padmavathi temple beautiful and safe for visitors.

With proper planning, legal actions, and modern surveys, the river can flow freely again, helping both nature and people. This effort shows how a river can be restored, protected, and enjoyed at the same time. The Swarnamukhi River, Tirupati, is now a great example of combining ecology, culture, and tourism for a better future.