United Nations: 78 Years of Global Peace and Cooperation

The United Nations (UN) was established in 1945 after World War II, with its first "United Nations Day" celebration in 1942. It has six principal organs: the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and UN Secretariat.

Historical Foundation & Evolution

United Nations established on October 24, 1945, after World War II
Predecessor: League of Nations (1919-1946)

Formation process:

- Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944) - Initial design by Big Four powers
- Yalta Conference (1945) - Security Council authority defined
- San Francisco Conference - Final UN Charter produced
First "United Nations Day" celebration in 1942 under President Roosevelt
Officially declared as international observance in 1971

UN Organizational Structure & Functions

Six principal organs:

- General Assembly
- Security Council
- Economic and Social Council
- Trusteeship Council
- International Court of Justice
- UN Secretariat

General Assembly responsibilities:

- Annual meetings with elected president
- 350+ resolutions passed yearly
- Six main committees covering various global issues
- All 193 member states represented

Membership process:

- Requires Security Council recommendation
- Two-thirds vote from General Assembly
- Currently 193 member states plus two non-member observers

Current Operations & Annual Assembly

2024 General Assembly highlights:

- Sustainable Development Conference (September 18-19)
- General Debate (September 19-23, 26)
- Climate Ambition Summit (September 20)
- Special focus on pandemic response and nuclear disarmament

Key objectives:

- Maintaining international peace and security
- Developing friendly relations among nations
- Promoting social progress
- Supporting human rights
- Coordinating humanitarian assistance

Notable absences in recent assembly:

- Presidents of Russia, China, and France
- Significant participation from Ukraine's President Zelensky

United Nations Day Celebrations

Annual commemoration on October 24th

Global observance includes:

- Cultural performances
- Educational programs
- International food fairs
- Special school activities

Unique celebrations worldwide:

- Philippines: Students represent different nations
- United States: Presidential proclamation since 1948
- Kosovo: Official non-working day
- UN Postal Administration: Special stamp issues since 1951

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