Context: India is on the verge of finalizing a deal to acquire exploration and development rights for five lithium blocks in Argentina. The agreement is set to be formalized between Khanij Bidesh India Ltd. (KABIL) and CAMYEN, a state-owned mining and energy company in Argentina.

About Lithium:

Properties:

• Lithium, denoted by the symbol Li and atomic number 3, is classified as a chemical element.
• Belonging to the alkali metal group on the periodic table, it is characterized as a soft, silvery-white metal.
• Its high reactivity is attributed to its position within the alkali metal group.
• Lithium finds diverse industrial applications, with its primary use in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
• These batteries are extensively utilized in electronic devices like smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles.
• Lithium-ion batteries have emerged as crucial technology for energy storage solutions.
• Widely adopted in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and grid energy storage, they play a pivotal role in the global transition to renewable energy.
• The majority of the world's lithium production is concentrated in countries such as Australia, Chile, and Argentina.
• These nations possess substantial lithium reserves and serve as key contributors to the global lithium market.

Lithium Triangle

• The term "Lithium Triangle" denotes a South American region renowned for hosting some of the globe's most substantial lithium reserves.
• This triangular area encompasses portions of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. Collectively, Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile are estimated to hold 58 percent of the world's recognized lithium reserves.
• The abundance of lithium Resources in this region positions these three nations as major contributors to the global lithium market.

India's Engagement with Lithium Triangle Countries (LTCs)

• India has been actively expanding its diplomatic ties with Lithium Triangle Countries (LTCs) in pursuit of accessing vital mineral Resources.
• The primary objective is to secure lithium Resources, especially for the escalating demand in lithium-ion batteries, notably within the realms of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy storage.
• As part of this initiative, India has launched an ambitious plan under the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme to manufacture Advanced Chemistry Cells (ACC) and enhance battery production.
• Despite these endeavors, India currently relies entirely on imports for 100 percent of its lithium metal, primarily sourcing from East Asian countries like China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea for battery production.
• Notably, Indian states like Telangana aspire to position themselves as the hub for EV manufacturing within the country.
• While actively seeking critical minerals abroad, India is also exploring domestic lithium deposits, including those in regions like Jammu and Kashmir. This dual approach underscores India's strategic efforts to ensure a stable supply chain and strengthen its position in the global lithium landscape.

India's collaboration with the nations in the Lithium Triangle aligns with its comprehensive approach to establishing a dependable supply chain for crucial minerals, particularly those vital for manufacturing lithium-ion batteries. The government's emphasis on encouraging the use of electric vehicles is driven by environmental considerations and the goal of diminishing reliance on fossil fuels. The assurance of a consistent and dependable lithium supply is paramount for the advancement and expansion of the electric vehicle sector in India.