About Guillain-Barré Syndrome

GBS is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves. This leads to symptoms such as weakness, numbness, and, in severe cases, paralysis. The exact cause of GBS is still unclear, but it is often triggered by infections.

Types of Guillain-Barré Syndrome

There are several forms of GBS. The most common is Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), typically found in North America and Europe. Other types include Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS), which causes paralysis related to eye movements, and Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN), more common in regions like China and Japan.

Symptoms of GBS

Initial symptoms of GBS usually involve tingling and weakness, starting in the feet and legs. These sensations can spread to the upper body, causing more severe weakness or paralysis. Other symptoms include difficulty with vision, swallowing, facial movements, pain, rapid heart rate, and bladder issues.

Causes and Triggers

Although the exact cause of GBS remains unknown, about two-thirds of patients report preceding infections, such as respiratory or gastrointestinal illnesses. Infections like COVID-19 and the Zika virus have been linked to GBS. It can affect people of all ages, though it is more common in adults.

Treatment Options

There is no cure for GBS, and treatment focuses on symptom management and speeding up recovery. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis are common therapies used to reduce the severity of the condition. While most patients recover fully, the process can take months or even years.

Public Health Response

The rise in GBS cases in Pune has prompted local health authorities to monitor the situation carefully. Public health initiatives are being launched to raise awareness about the syndrome and its potential triggers, ensuring timely diagnosis and treatment for those affected.