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- Introduction
- Lithosphere, Hydrosphere & Atmosphere
- Ecology: Study / Science of Biosphere
- Biosphere: A Giant Ecosystem
- Branches of Ecology & Ecological Factors
- Types and Components of Ecosystem/ Food Cain, Food Web
- Water Cycle| Carbon Cycle| Nitrogen Cycle| Oxygen Cycle etc.
- Biodiversity: India & World| Extinction & Endangered Species
- Conservation of Biodiversity
- Environmental Issues & their Management: Pollution, Biodiversity Loss & Climate Change
- Environment Policies, Law, Ethics and Rule & Regulation
Introduction
Meaning of Environment
- The literal meaning of environment is the 'surrounding of an object'.
- The root world 'environ' of environment is a French word meaning 'surround' or 'encircle'. Thus, anything that surrounds us is collectively known as environment.
Elements of Environment
- The environment consists of two elements— Physical & Biological environment.
1. Physical/ Abiotic/Non-living Environment: The non-living environment is called Physical Environment. The Physical environment comprises the land, water and air.
2. Biological/Biotic/Living Environment: The living environment is called Biological Environment. The biological environment comprises flora (plants) and fauna (animals & other organism).
Subject-matter of Environment
- Environment is an overlapping area or subject-matter of Arts, Science & Commerce. It is a multi-disciplinary subject (discipline).
- It studies the interaction between physical environment and biological environment and provides guidelines for the way forward.
- For convenience to study, Environment is broadly divided into 4 chapters.
1. Lithosphere, Hydrosphere & Atmosphere.
2. Ecolog: Study/Science of Biosphere.
3. Biodiversity, and environmental Issues / Problems and Their Management / Measures: Pollution, Biodiversity Loss & Climate Change.
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