Glyptothorax punyabratai: New Catfish Discovery in Arunachal

The pristine waters of Arunachal Pradesh have unveiled a new species of catfish, further enriching India's diverse ichthyofaunal wealth. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research's National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBFGR) has identified and named this fascinating discovery as Glyptothorax punyabratai, in honor of Dr. Punyabarata Das, the founding director of ICAR-NBFGR.

The Discovery

The holotype and paratype specimens of Glyptothorax punyabratai were collected from the Tung Stream, a tributary of the Tissa River, which flows into the mighty Brahmaputra River basin. This new catfish species is part of the genus Glyptothorax, renowned for their adapted bodies that allow them to cling onto rocks in fast-flowing waters.

The research team meticulously studied the morphological characteristics of the newly discovered species, noting its distinct body shape, size, and armor-like skin features. These unique traits set Glyptothorax punyabratai apart from its counterparts and aided in its identification process.

The Captivating World of Catfish

Catfish represent one of the largest and most diverse groups of freshwater fishes, with over 2,000 species known to science. While most catfish thrive in freshwater environments, a few species have adapted to marine habitats. Notably, most catfish species are nocturnal, preferring to hunt and forage under the cover of darkness.

These bottom-dwelling fish are characterized by their cylindrical bodies with flattened ventral surfaces, which facilitate benthic feeding. The name "catfish" derives from the long barbels or feelers present around their mouths, resembling the whiskers of a cat. Additionally, most catfish possess leading spines in their dorsal and pectoral fins, serving as defensive mechanisms. One of the most distinctive features of catfish is their scaleless skin, setting them apart from other fish species.

Ecological Significance and Conservation Efforts

Like other members of its genus, Glyptothorax punyabratai plays a vital role in the aquatic ecosystem by contributing to the intricate food web and maintaining ecological balance. As a part of the indigenous fauna, this newly discovered species holds ecological significance in its native habitat.

The holotype and paratype specimens of Glyptothorax punyabratai have been carefully preserved at the National Fish Museum-cum-Repository in Lucknow, ensuring their accessibility for future research endeavors. This proactive measure by ICAR-NBFGR underscores the importance of safeguarding and documenting India's rich biodiversity.

ICAR-NBFGR: Guardians of India's Aquatic Genetic Resources

Established in 1983 and headquartered in Lucknow, the ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources is a pioneering institution dedicated to the conservation, management, and study of fish genetic resources in India. The bureau's primary objectives include strengthening fish breeding programs, developing sustainable aquaculture practices, and conducting genetic characterization of fish species.

Through its research efforts, ICAR-NBFGR contributes to the safeguarding of endangered species and enhances fish production to meet the dietary needs of the growing population and boost economic growth in the aquaculture sector. The bureau's commitment to preserving and understanding India's aquatic biodiversity is exemplified by the discovery of Glyptothorax punyabratai.

The identification of this new catfish species not only enriches our understanding of the region's biodiversity but also highlights the ongoing efforts to unravel the hidden treasures that lie within India's vast and diverse ecosystems.