Increase in Zika Virus Cases in Maharashtra

Transmission of Zika Virus

Zika virus is mainly transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, which are common in tropical and subtropical regions. The virus can also be passed from mother to child during pregnancy. Other transmission routes include sexual contact, blood transfusions, and organ transplants. Understanding these modes of transmission is key to prevention efforts.

Current Situation in India

Maharashtra has reported the highest number of Zika cases in India 2024, with 140 confirmed cases, and Pune being the epicenter. Other states, such as Karnataka and Gujarat, reported fewer cases. This rise in cases is particularly concerning compared to previous years, as Maharashtra only had one case in 2021, three in 2022, and 18 in 2023.

Government Response and Health Surveillance

In response to the increase in cases, the Government of India has stepped up health surveillance. An advisory issued on July 3, 2024, urged states to enhance their monitoring efforts. The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) is focusing on pregnant women due to the risk of transmission to unborn children.

Global Context and History of the Zika Virus

The Zika virus was first identified in rhesus macaque monkeys in Uganda in 1947 and later spread to humans in Africa in the 1950s. India reported its first Zika case in Gujarat in 2016, and since then, there have been outbreaks in various states. However, no severe complications like microcephaly have been reported in India.

Public Awareness and Reporting Issues

The WHO has noted that the true number of Zika cases may be underreported, as between 60 and 80 percent of infections are mild or asymptomatic. The variability in awareness among healthcare providers can contribute to underreporting. Raising public awareness and improving reporting systems are crucial to effectively managing the Zika threat.