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Current Affairs-Topics

One Nation, One Election: India's Electoral Reform

The Union Cabinet approved bill, 'One Nation, One Election', aimed at synchronizing national and state-level elections. The proposal, recommended by a high-level panel led by former President Ram Nath Kovind, aims to reduce election expenditure, minimize administrative disruptions, and streamline governance processes.

Concept and Cabinet Approval

Union Cabinet approved 'One Nation, One Election' Bills on December 12, 2024

Two critical bills introduced:

- Constitutional amendment for simultaneous Lok Sabha and state assembly elections
- Bill to align Assembly elections in Union Territories

Key features of the proposal:

- Recommended by high-level panel led by former President Ram Nath Kovind
- Aims to synchronize national and state-level elections
- Potential implementation by 2029-2034

Implementation strategy:

- Two-phase approach
- First phase: Simultaneous Lok Sabha and state assembly elections
- Second phase: Synchronizing local body elections within 100 days

Political Landscape and Reactions

Diverse political responses to the initiative:

- BJP strongly supports the proposal
- Opposition parties like Congress and AAP criticize the move
- Regional parties show mixed reactions

Notable criticism:

- MK Stalin (DMK) called the bill "draconian"
- Mamata Banerjee pledged to oppose it "tooth and nail"
- Arvind Kejriwal highlighted alternative national priorities

Support from key figures:

- Ram Nath Kovind emphasized national interest
- Major NDA allies like Nitish Kumar backing the initiative

Potential Impact and Rationale

Expected benefits of simultaneous elections:

- Reduce overall election expenditure
- Minimize administrative disruptions
- Streamline governance processes

Economic projections:

- Potential GDP increase of 1-1.5%
- Optimizing resource allocation

Constitutional considerations:

- Proposed amendments to Article 83 and Article 172
- Recommended 18 constitutional changes
- Requires parliamentary and state-level approvals

Implementation challenges:

- Procurement of Electronic Voting Machines
- Estimated cost of approximately ₹8,000 crore
- Potential three-year lead time for full implementation

Historical Context:

Simultaneous elections were practiced in India until 1967
Disrupted by premature dissolution of state assemblies
Long-standing political debate about electoral reform

The government plans extensive consultations, including:

Joint Parliamentary Committee review
Inputs from state assembly speakers
Engagement with intellectuals and civil society
Public feedback mechanisms

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