India's Defense Approach to Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Defence

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a central role in modern military strategies. It enables the development of systems capable of functioning without human input. The Defence Ministry views AI as crucial for maintaining strategic autonomy, particularly in a world where technological superiority is key to military advantage.

Challenges in AI Integration

India's defence sector is still in the early stages of incorporating AI into its military platforms. The complexity of autonomous systems presents challenges, and international export controls on AI components further complicate development. India faces a pressing need to establish its capabilities in critical technologies.

Global Landscape and Competition

Over 50 countries, including major powers like Germany, Japan, and South Korea, are working on their own AI strategies for defence. There is a global race to incorporate AI into military operations, driven by geopolitical shifts and a scramble for resources essential to AI development.

India's Strategic Actions

In 2018, India created an AI task force, followed by the establishment of the Defence AI Council and the Defence AI Project Agency. These initiatives aim to pinpoint priority areas for AI in defence. Currently, 75 areas of focus have been identified, and the armed forces are collaborating with the Innovations for Defence Excellence initiative to advance AI integration.

Ethical Use of AI in Defence

India advocates for the responsible use of AI in military applications. At the United Nations, India has called for discussions on LAWS through a Group of Governmental Experts. While India abstained from a 2024 UNGA resolution on LAWS, it has participated in ongoing talks about responsible AI use in the military, aiming for a balanced approach that aligns with international humanitarian law.

Framework for Trustworthy AI

The Defense Ministry has implemented a framework for assessing trustworthy AI, which is based on five core principles: reliability, transparency, fairness, privacy, and safety. These principles ensure that AI deployment in defence adheres to humanitarian concerns and ethical standards.