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Current Affairs-Topics
World Ozone Day 2024: Protecting Earth's Shield
World Ozone Day is celebrated on September 16th. Ozone is a pale blue gas created by solar UV radiation and atmospheric oxygen. It forms a protective shield against harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ozone depletion occurs primarily in Antarctica and the Arctic, primarily due to halogen source gases from consumer goods and industrial activities. |
Understanding the Ozone Layer
- On 16th September, World Ozone Day celebrated each year
- Ozone is a pale blue, explosive gas with a distinct odor
- Measured in Dobson Units (DU), with an average concentration of 300 DU
- Created in the upper atmosphere by solar UV radiation interacting with atmospheric oxygen
- Forms a protective shield against harmful ultraviolet radiation
- Ozone hole reached its largest extent of 28.4 million square kilometers in September 2000
Ozone Depletion Mechanisms
- Occurs primarily in Antarctica (Southern Hemisphere) and the Arctic (Northern Hemisphere)
- Linked to stratospheric temperatures below -78°C, which form stratospheric clouds
- Annual cycle: hole forms in August, closes in November or December
- Caused by "halogen source gases" released from consumer goods and industrial activities
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons are major contributors
- Montreal Protocol regulates production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS)
Impact of Ozone Depletion
- Human Health: Increased exposure to UVB radiation, leading to skin cancer and cataracts
- Flora: Affects plant physiology and development, impacting tree growth
- Marine Life: Reduces phytoplankton survival rates, disrupting the marine food chain
- Terrestrial Life: Influences biogeochemical cycles, affecting greenhouse gas sources and sinks
The Montreal Protocol and International Action
- Adopted on September 16, 1987
- Regulates production and consumption of ODS
- Phases out different ODS with specific timelines for developed and developing countries
- Became first universally ratified treaty in UN history (2009)
- Vienna Convention (1985) preceded the Montreal Protocol
- Kigali Amendment (2016) added hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) to controlled substances
- Aims to reduce HFCs by 80-85% by late 2040s
Progress and Future Outlook
- Ozone hole condition improving since 2000 due to Montreal Protocol implementation
- Projected restoration of ozone layer to 1980 levels:
- Antarctica by 2066
- Arctic by 2045
- Rest of the world by 2040
- Climate benefits: Preventing 0.5 to 1 degree Celsius of warming by 2050
- Ongoing challenges: Phasing out hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and HFCs
- World Ozone Day (September 16) celebrates achievements and promotes future action
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