Botany

Plant Diseases

All Mock Test

SSC CGL

NABARD

Insurance

RBI Assistant

SSC CHSL

IBPS PO

SBI PO

CAPF

Plant Diseases

Viral Diseases:

a. Mosaic disease of tobacco:

In this disease leaves get shrinked and become small. The chlorophyll of leaves get destroyed. The factor of this disease is Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) known as Bacteriophage.
Control – Affected plants should be burnt

b. Bunchy top of banana:

This disease is caused by banana virus. In this disease plants become dwarf and all the leaves get accumulated like a rose on the branch.

c. Yellow Vein Mosaic of Bhendi:

It is a viral disease caused by virus affecting okra plants. This disease is transmitted by insects and white fly.

2. Bacterial Disease:

a. Wilt of potato:

It is also known as ring disease because brown ring is formed on the xylem. The factor of this disease is Pseudomonas solonacearum bacteria. In this disease the conduction system of the plant is affected.

b. Black Arm of cotton:

The factor of this disease is Xanthomonas Bacteria. In this disease a water soaked round spot (brown) is formed on the leaves.

c. Bacterial blight of Rice:

This disease is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria. Yellow-breenish spot is seen on both side of leaves. Vascular boundless get blocked due to bacterial growth.

d. Citrus Canker:

The factor of this disease is Xanthomonas citri bacteria. It has originated in China. Leaves, branches, fruits all are affected by this disease.

e. Tundu disease of wheat:

The factors of this disease are Corinobacterium titrici bacteria and Enzuina Titriki Nematode. In this disease lower parts of the leaves are faded and turned yellow.

3. Fungal Diseases:

The diseases included in this group are caused by fungi.

Rust of wheat is a disease caused by fungi Puccinia.
Damping off of seedling is caused by fungus Pythium debaryanum.
Red root of sugarcane is caused by fungus colletotrichum falcatum.
Sahu disease of wheat is caused by insect.

Disease caused due to deficiency of element

Disease	Deficiency of Element
Little leaf of mango and brinjal	Zinc (Zn)
Dieback of lemon	Copper (Cu)
Little leaf of lemon	Copper (Cu)
Marsh disease of pea	Manganese (Mn)
Black heart disease of potato	O₂
Microsis of amla	Boron
Burning of leaf of litchi	Potassium (K)
White bud in maize, Khaira disease of paddy	Zinc (Zn)
Koter spot of Turnip	Calcium (Ca), Molybdenum(Mo)

Some Important Facts in Botany

Facts	Example and details
Largest angiosperm tree	Eucalyptus.
Longest tree in the world	Sequoia giganteum. This is a gymnosperm. Its height is 120 meter. This is also called Coast Redwood of California.
Smallest (in shape) angiosperm plant	Lemna- This is aquatic angiosperm which is found in India too. Victoria Ragia - This is an aquatic plant which is found in West Bengal in India.
Largest seed	Lodoicea. This is also called double coconut. This is found in Kerala in India.
Smallest Pteridophyta	Azolla. This is an aquatic plant.
Smallest seed	Orchid.
Smallest flower	Wolfia. Its diameter is 0.1 millimeter
Largest flower	Reflesia arnoldii, Its diameter is 1 meter and its weight can be 8 kg.
Smallest angiosperm parasite	Arceuthobium is a parasite on the stems of gymnosperms.
Largest male couplet	Cycas. This is a gymnosperm plant.
Largest seed-egg	Cycas.
Alive fossil	Cycas.
Smallest chromosome	In algae.
Longest chromosomes	In Trillium.
The plant with the largest number of chromosomes	Ophioglossum (Fern). There are 1266 chromosome.
The plant with the least number of chromosomes	Heplapappopus gracilis.
The smallest gymnosperm plant	Zamia pygmea.
Carnivorous plant	Sundew, Venus flytrap, Pitcher plant
The heaviest wooden plant	Hardwichia binata.
The lightest wooden plant	Ochroma lagopus-balsa
The smallest cell	Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
Fruit like a tennis ball	Kenth
Fire of the forest	Dhak
Coffee giving plant	Coffea Arabica. Caffin contains in it.
Coco giving plant	Theobroma cococa. Theobromin and caffeine contain in it.
Morphine	Papaver somniferum (opium plant) morphine is obtain from fruit coat (pod).
Green manure	Decomposing green legume.
Clove	Bud of flower
Saffron	Stigma of flower

Micronutrient zinc is supplied by soil to the plants.
The elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are known as primary nutrient for plant.

More Related Articles

Biology-Introduction

Biology: Branch of science in which scientific study of life is done. Bios = Life and Logos = Study. Therefore study of life is called Biology. The term biology was first coined by Lamarck an

by ExamGuru

What is Living

The word living cannot be defined. Living organism mostly uses solar energy. There are certain characters by which living can be distinguished from non living. 1. Growth: Increase in the numb

by ExamGuru

Classification of Organism

There are millions of organisms. It is impossible to study each individual separately. Classification means to categories organism into different groups. Study of an individual of a group gives us

by ExamGuru

Study of Cell - Cytology

Study of cell is called cytology. Cell-Cytology, Main features & function, Types of cell, Plant cell, Animal cell, Cell structure, Protoplasm, Cell membrane, Chromosome, DNA, RNA, Protoplasm,

by ExamGuru

Genetics

Transmission of character from one generation to next generation is called heredity. The process of transfer of hereditary character from generation to generation is called genetics. The name g

by ExamGuru

Sex Determination in Human

In human male sex chromosome is ‘XY’, where as in female sex chromosome is XX. During gamete formation in male half of the sperm contain ‘X’ chromosome while other half contain

by ExamGuru

Organic Evolution

More and more creation of organism by gradual change from low categories organism to higher organism is called organic evolution. There are several evidence regarding organic evolution. Homologo

by ExamGuru

Classification of Plantae / Virus & Bacteria

The study of different types of trees & plants is called Botany. Theophrastus is called the father of Botany. Aristotle is known as father of biology. In the year 1883, Eicher has classifie

by ExamGuru

Plant Morphology

Morphology: The study of forms and features of different parts of plants like roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits etc is called Morphology. Root Root is the descending part of the plant whi

by ExamGuru

Plant Tissue

Tissue: The group of cells having common origin, and usually perform a common function. Types of plant tissue A. Meristematic tissue: Growing regions of the plants are called Meristem.

by ExamGuru