Indian Polity & Constitution

Important Parts, Articles of the Constitution

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Important Parts, Articles of the Constitution

Parts & Articles of Indian Constitution

Part	Articles	Subject
Part I	Article 1-4	The Union and its territory.
Part II	Article 5-11	Citizenship
Part III	Article 12-35	Fundamental Rights.
	Art. 12	Definition
	Art. 13	Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
	Art. 14-18 (Right to Equality)
	Art. 14	Equality before law
	Art. 15	Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
	Art. 16	Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
	Art. 17	Abolition of untouchability
	Art. 18	Abolition of titles
	Art. 19-22 (Right to Freedom)
	Art. 19	Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc.
	Art. 20	Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
	Art. 21	Protection of life and personal liberty
	Art. 21A	Right to education
	Art. 22	Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
	Art. 23-24 (Right against Exploitation)
	Art. 23	Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
	Art. 24	Prohibition of employment of children in factories etc.
	Art. 25-28 (Right to Freedom of Religion)
	Art. 25	Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
	Art. 26	Freedom to manage religious affairs
	Art. 27	Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
	Art. 28	Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions
	Art. 29-30 (Cultural and Educational Rights)
	Art. 29	Protection of interests of minorities
	Art. 30	Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
	Saving of certain Laws
	Art. 31A	Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates etc.
	Art. 31B	Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
	Art. 31C	Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
	Art. 32-35 (Right to Constitutional Remedies)
	Art. 32	Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
	Art. 33	Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces etc.
	Art. 34	Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
	Art. 35	Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part
Part IV	Article 36-51	Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
	Art. 36	Definition
	Art. 37	Application of the principles contained in this Part
	Art. 38	State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
	Art. 39	Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
	Art. 39A	Equal justice and free legal aid
	Art. 40	Organisation of village Panchayats
	Art. 41	Right to work, to education and to publicassistance in certain cases
	Art.42	Provision for just and humane conditions ofwork and maternity relief
	Art. 43	Living wage etc for workers
	Art. 43A	Participation of workers in management of industries
	Art. 43B	The State shall endeavour to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies.
	Art. 44	Uniform civil code for the citizens
	Art. 45	Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years
	Art. 46	Promotion of educational and economic interest of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
	Art. 47	Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
	Art. 48	Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry Art. 48A Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
	Art. 49	Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
	Art.50	Separation of judiciary from executive
	Art.51	Promotion of international peace and security
Part IVA	Article 51A	Fundamental Duties
Part V	Chapter 1: Article 52-78	The Union
	Art. 52	The President of India
	Art. 53	Executive power of the Union
	Art. 54	Election of President
	Art. 61	Procedure for impeachment of the President
	Art. 63	The Vice-President of India
	Art. 64	The Vice-President to be ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States
	Art. 65	The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence of President
	Art. 66	Election of Vice-President
	Art. 72	Power of President to grant pardons etc and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
	Art. 74	Council of Ministers to aid and advise President
	Art. 76	Attorney General for India
	Art. 77	Conduct of business of the Government of India
	Art. 78	Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc
	Chapter 2: Article 79-122	Parliament
	Art. 79	Constitution of Parliament
	Art. 80	Composition of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
	Art. 81	Composition of the House of the People (Lok Sabha)
	Art. 83	Duration of Houses of Parliament
	Art. 84	Qualification for membership of Parliament
	Art. 85	Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution
	Art. 86	Right of President to address and send messages to Houses
	Art. 87	Special address by the President
	Art. 88	Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as respects Houses
	Art. 89	The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
	Art. 90	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
	Art. 93	The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
	Art. 94	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
	Art. 95	Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
	Art. 98	Secretariat of Parliament
	Art. 99	Oath or affirmation by members
	Art. 100	Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
	Art. 105	Powers, privileges etc of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof
	Art. 106	Salaries and allowances of members
	Art. 107	Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
	Art. 108	Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases
	Art. 109	Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
	Art. 110	Definition of 'Money Bills'
	Art. 111	Assent to Bills
	Art. 112	Annual financial statement (Budget)
	Art. 113	Procedurein Parliament with respect to estimates
	Art. 114	Appropriation Bills
	Art. 115	Supplementary, additional or excess grants
	Art. 116	Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
	Art. 117	Special provisions as to financial Bills
	Art. 118	Rules of procedure
	Art.119	Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
	Art. 120	Language to be used in Parliament
	Art. 121	Restriction on discussion in Parliament
	Art. 122	Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
	Chapter 3: Article 123	Legislative Powers of the President
	Art. 123	Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament
	Chapter 4: Article 124-147	The Union Judiciary
	Art. 124	Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
	Art. 125	Salaries etc. of Judges
	Art. 126	Appointment of acting Chief Justice (in the Supreme Court)
	Art. 127	Appointment of ad hocJudges (in the Supreme Court)
	Art. 128	Attendance of retired Judge at sittings of the Supreme Court
	Art. 129	Supreme Court to be a Court of record
	Art. 130	Seat of Supreme Court
	Art. 131	Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court
	Art. 132	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Court in certain cases
	Art. 133	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Court in regard to chii matters
	Art. 134	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters Art. 134A Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
Art. 135	Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court
Art. 136	Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court
Art. 137	Review of judgements or orders by the Supreme Court
Art. 138	Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Art. 141	Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all Courts
Art. 143	Power of President to consult Supreme Court
Art. 144	Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
Art. 145	Rules of Court, etc.
Art. 146	Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court
Art. 147	Interpretation
Chapter 5: Article 148-151	Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Art. 148	Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Art. 149	Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
Art. 150	Form of accounts of the Union and of the States
Art. 151	Audit reports
Part VI	Article 152-237	The States - The Government at the State level: The Executive, The State Legislature, The High Courts and Subordinate Courts
Part VII	Article 238	The States in Part B of the First Schedule
Part VIII	Article 239-241	The Union Territories
Part IX	Article 243 to 243-O	The Panchayats
Part IXA	Article 243-P to 243-ZG	The Municipalities
Part IXB	Article 243-ZH to 243-ZT	The Co-operative Societies
Part X	Article 244-244A	The Scheduled and Tribal Areas
Part XI	Article 245-263	Relations between The Union and The States
Part XII	Article 264-300	Finance, property, contracts and suits; Distribution of revenue between Union and States; Finance Commission; Borrowing, Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits.
	Art. 268	Taxes are levied and collected by the centre but distributed between the centre and the states.
	Art. 300A	Right to Property
Part XIII	Article 301-307	Trade, commerce and inter-course within India
Part XIV	Article 308-323	Services Under The Union and The States
	Art. 308	Services Under The Union and The States
	Art. 309	Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
	Art. 310	Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State
	Art. 311	Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State
	Art. 312	All-India Services
	Art. 315	Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
	Art. 316	Appointment and term of office of members
	Art. 317	Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission
	Art. 318	Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission
	Art. 320	Functions of Public Service Commissions
	Art. 321	Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions
	Art. 323	Reports of Public Service Commissions
Part XIVA	Article 323A-323B	Tribunals
Part XV	Article 324-329	Elections
	Art. 324	Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission
	Art. 325	No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral rcil on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex
	Art. 326	Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage
	Art. 327	Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to legislatures
	Art. 328	Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature
	Art. 329	Bar to interference by Courts in electoral matters
Part XVI	Article 330-342	Special provisions for certain classes
Part XVII	Article 343-351	Official languages
Part XVIII	Article 352-360	Emergency Provisions
	Art. 352	Proclamation of National Emergency
	Art. 356	Proclamation of State Emergency
	Art. 360	Proclamation of Financial Emergency
Part XIX	Article 361-367	Miscellaneous
	Art.361A	Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures
	Art. 363	Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements etc.
	Art. 363A	Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished
	Art. 364	Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes
	Art. 365	Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union
Part XX	Article 368	Amendment of the Constitution
Part XXI	Article 369-392	Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions—Special status of States
Part XXII	Article 393-395	Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals

Some other Information

Lokpal

A Lokpal is an 'Ombudsman' in India. It has jurisdiction over all members of Parliament (MPs), the Prime Minister (with certain exceptions), ministers and all Civil servants etc in cases of corruption. Lokpal is empowered to sanction prosecution.

The amended 'Lokpal and Lokayukta Bill 2011' was passed by Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha on 17th and 18th December, 2013 respectively, Samajwadi Party opposed the Bill.
A high-level selection committee led by the Prime Minister had recommended the appointments for chairperson and members of the Lokpal. The President approved the appointments.
President Ram Nath Kovind had on the 23rd March, 2019 administered the oath of office to Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose as the country's first Lokpal.
Justice Ghose, 66, retired as Supreme Court judge in May 2017. He last served as member of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC).
All eight newly-appointed members of anti-corruption ombuds man Lokpal on the 27th March, 2019 took oath of office. They were administered the oath by Lokpal chairperson Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose.
Former Chief Justices of different high courts-Justices Dilip B Bhosale, Pradip Kumar Mohanty, Abhilasha Kumari and Ajay Kumar Tripathi-took oath as Judicial members in the Lokpal.
Former first woman chief of Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) Archana Ramasundaram, ex-Maharashtra chief secretary Dinesh Kumar Jain, former IRS officer Mahender Singh and Gujarat cadre ex-IAS officer Indrajeet Prasad Gautam were swom-in as the Lokpal's non-Judicial members.

Lokayukta

The Institution of 'Ombudsman1 is typically Scandinavian.
The office of Ombudsman has been in existence since 1809 in Sweden, [also in Finland (Since 1919), Denmark (1955), Norway and New Zealand (1962)].
Maharashtra is the first state in India to introduce the concept of Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayuktas Act, 1971 in view of the recommendations made by the Administrative Reforms Commission headed by Morarji Desai in 1966.
The Maharashtra Lokayukta Institution came into being from 25th October, 1972.

Declaration under Article 370 (3)

In exercise of the powers conferred by Clause (3) of Article 370 read with Clause (1) of Article 370 of the Constitution of India, the President, on the recommendation of Parliament, is pleased to declare that, as from the 5th August, 2019, all clauses of the said Article 370 shall cease to be operative except the following which shall read as under, namely-

"370. All provisions of this Constitution, as amended from time to time, without any modifications or exceptions, shall apply to the State of Jammu and Kashmir not withstanding anything contrary contained in article 152 or article 308 or any other article of this Constitution or any other provision of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir or any law, document, judgement, ordinance, order, by-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having the force of law in the territory of India, or any other instrument, treaty or agreement as envisaged under article 363 or otherwise."

Indian Polity & Constitution

Important Parts, Articles of the Constitution

Important Parts, Articles of the Constitution

Parts & Articles of Indian Constitution

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