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Indian Polity & Constitution
The Union and its Territories
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- The Union And Its Territories
- Introduction - Indian polity & Constitution
- Evolution of Indian Constitution
- Constituent Assembly and Making of the Constitution
- Different Sources of Indian Constitution
- Important Parts, Articles of the Constitution
- Schedules of Indian Constitution
- Special Features of Indian Constitution / Federal & Unitary
- The Preamble
- Lapse of Paramountcy
- Integration and Merger of Indian States
- Reorganization of States
- Citizenship
- Fundamental Rights
- The Writs
- Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
- Fundamental Duties
- Procedure for Amending the Constitution
- The Doctrine of Basic Features
- Some Important Constitutional Amendment Acts
- Executive of the Union The President (Art. 52)
- Emergency Provisions
- The Vice-President
- The Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers
- The Attorney & Auditor General of India
- The Parliament of India - President, Rajya Sabha & Lok Sabha
- Parliamentary Terms
- The Supreme Court
- The High Court
- Centre-State Relations
- Executive of the States - Governor, State Legislature
- Panchayati Raj
- Municipalities
- Inter-State Relations
- Planning Commission, NITI Aayog, NDC and Finance Commission
- Public Service Commissions
- Election & Election Commission
- Delimitation Commission of India
- The Official Language
- National Symbol (Flag, Emblem, Anthem, Song, Calendar, etc.)
- Some Important Comments and Statements
- Miscellaneous - Indian Polity & Constitution
The Union and its Territories
- Article 1 lays-down that India, i.e. Bharat, shall be a Union of States. The Territory of India shall consist of the Territories of the States, 2 the Union Territories specified in the First Schedule and 3. Such other Territories as may be acquired.
- Article 1 of the Constitution describes India as a Union of States not as a federation of states. Union of India is not the result of an agreement, nor has any State the right to secede from it.
- The Federation is called a Union of States, because it is indestructible.
- The Union Territories are not included in the 'Union of States'. Whereas the expression 'Territory of India" includes the States, the Union Territories and such other territories as may be acquired by India.
- The States and their territories are specified in the First Schedule to the Constitution. The Constitution empowers the Parliament for the admission or establishment of new States.
- Article 2 provides that Parliament may by law admit new States into the Union of India or establish new States on such terms and conditions as it deems fit.
- The Parliament has admitted the French settlements of Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yenam, the Portuguese settlements of Goa, Diu and Daman and Sikkim, etc. into India after independence.
- Article 3 of the Constitution empowers the Parliament to form a new State by altering boundaries of existing States.
Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
- The Central Government on October 31, 2019 formally implemented legislation approved by Parliament in August 2019 that split the restive state of Jammu & Kashmir into two Union Territories (UTs).
- This is the first time that a state has been downsized into UTs. The federally controlled territories of J & K and Ladakh have taken the total number of UTs to 9 and brought down the number of states in India to 28.
- J & K will have an elected legislative assembly and a chief minister—on the lines of Puducherry—while Ladakh will be governed by the L-G and have two hill development councils.
- The Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Council, the upper house of the State Legislature was already abolished on October 17, 2019 as per section 57 of the J & K Reorganisation Act, 2019, which reorganised the State into two Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.
- The new UT of Ladakh consists of two districts of Kargil and Leh.
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LG: Sri Girish Chandra Murmu was the first-ever lieutenant governor (L-G) of J & K and the second L-G is Sri Manojt Sinha, while the first L-G of Ladakh is Shri Radha Krishna Mathur. |
Merger of Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli UTs
- The Parliament on December 3, 2019 passed a bill to merge two Union Territories Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into one unit. The Rajya Sabha passed the Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (Merger of Union Territories) Bill, 2019 through voice vote. The Lok Sabha had already passed the bill on November 27, 2019.
The merged UT will be named as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu [HQ: Daman],
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