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The word Geography was first used by a Greek scholar Eratosthenes (276-194 B.C.). The word Geography has been derived from two Greek words- Geo and Graphos, which jointly means the description of earth. The primary level arrangement of this
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Universe The universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all physical matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies and the contents of intergalactic space. The study of universe is known as Cosmolo
Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Australia and Antarctica are the seven continents. Asia: The word 'Asia' is derived from the word 'Asu' (of Hibru language), which literally means the rising sun'. As
There are four oceans. In order of their size, they are: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Pacific Ocean The explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who circumnavigated the Earth, named the ocean 'Pacific' m
Biosphere The part of the Earth where life exists is called the Biosphere ('bios'means 'life'). The Earth is the only planet of the solar system that supports life. Life is possible because of its unique lithosphere, hydrosphe
Latitude and Longitude Any location on Earth is described by two numbers- its latitude and its longitude. Latitude On a globe of the Earth, lines of latitude are circles of different size. The longest is the equator, whose latitude is z
Coriolis Force The invisible force that appears to deflect the wind is the Coriolis force. The Coriolis force applies to movement on rotating objects. It is determined by the mass of the object and the object's rate of rotation. The Corio
The envelope of air that completely surrounds the earth is known as atmosphere. The atmosphere extends to about 1000 km from the surface of the earth. But 99% of the total mass of the atmosphere is found within 32 km. This is because the atmos
Winds Wind is the movement of air caused by the uneven heating of the Earth by the Sun. Sometimes wind blows gently, refreshing us. At other times, it blows strongly creating storms that cause widespread damages. We need measurement
Earthquakes The sudden tremors or shaking of the earth's crust is called an earthquake. When a part of the earth's surface moves backward and forward or up and down, the earth's surface 'quakes', and these are called the
Mainly there are three types of landforms - Mountains, Plateaus, Plains. Mountains The height of mountains is over 600 m and haveconical peaks. On the basis of origin there are four types of mountains: Block Mountains, Residual Mountains, A
Soil Soil forms the upper layer of the earth's crust capable of supporting life. It is made up of loose rock materials and humus. The soil forming processes are mainly influenced by the parent rock, climate, vegetation and animal li
Kinds of Agriculture Sericulture Silk Farming Apiculture Bee keeping (rearing Honeybees) Pisciculture Fish farming
Geological Survey of India (HQ: Kolkata), Indian Bureau of Mines (HQ; Nagpur), Oil and Natural Gas Commission-ONGC (HQ: Dehradun), Mineral Research Corporation Limited-MRCL (HQ: Nagpur), National Mineral Development Corporation-NMDC (HQ: Hyder
Iron & Steel Industry The Ministry of Steel is responsible for planning and development of iron and steel industry, development of essential inputs such as iron ore, limestone, dolomite manganese ore, chromites, ferro-alloys, sponge iro
On December 31, 2019 the biennial "India State of Forest Report (ISFR)", published by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) was released. Starting from 1987, 16 assessments have been completed so far. ISFR 2019 is the 16th report in the s
The Drainage System The flow of water through well-defined channels is known as 'drainage' and the network of such channels is called a 'drainage system'. The drainage pattern of an area is the outcome of the geological time
The present transport system of the country comprises several modes of transport including rail, road, coastal shipping, air transport etc. The share of transport sector in the GVA for 2017-18 was about 4.77% of which the share of road transport
The state and union territory capitals are sorted according to the administrative, legislative and judicial capitals. The administrative capital is where the executive government offices are located. The legislative capital is where the state as
Census 2011 was the 15th census of its kind since 1872. It was held in two phases: House listing and Housing Census (April to September, 2010) and Population Enumeration (February 9 to 28, 2011 with Revisional round during 1st to 5th March, 20
S. Name Location Important Species 1 Bandipur National Park Chamarajanagar, Karnataka Elephant, Tiger, Bear, Sambhar, Panther
The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific and recreational value.
Name of the Project Location State Purpose Nagarjuna Sagar Multipurpose Project River Krishna Andhra Pradesh Irrigation, Hydr
Mt. Everest was named after Sir George Everest, the then Surveyors General of India (from 1830 to 1843 A.D.). Sir G. Everest discovered the location of Mt. Everest, earlier known as Peak-15. Location of Mt. Everest: Longitude: 85° 55'
Indian Subcontinent India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Sri Lanka, collectively constitute the lndian subcontinent. These six countries are India's closest and nearest neighbours and shar
Project Tiger was launched by the Government of India in the year 1973 to save the endangered species of tiger in the country. Starting from nine (9) reserves in 1973-74 the number has grown up to fifty (50). A total area of 71,027.10 km² (i
City / Town River City / Town River Kabul Kabul Guangzhou Canton Pearl River Allahabad
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World 1 Hanging Garden of Babylon 2 Temple of Diana at Ephesus (Rome) 3 Statue of Jupiter at
World’s Manufacturing Industries Industry Leading Countries Cotton Textile Industry Britain, India, China, Russia Iron & Steel Industry
Famous Sites of India Site Location Ajanta Maharashtra Akabar's Tomb Agra (UP.) Amarnath Cave Kashmir
Major Straits of the World (Connects) S. Name Connects Location 1 Malacca Strait Andaman Sea & South China Sea Indones
Roald Amundsen (Norway): First person to reach South Pole (December 14, 1911). Robert Peary (America): First person to reach Geographical North Pole (April 6, 1909). Christopher Columbus (Italy): Found Western Islands (in 1492), South America (
Major Canals of the World S. Name Location Connects 1 Soo Locks USA Lake Huron and Lake Superior
Top 10 Countries with Largest Aquatic Area S. Country Aquatic Area (km 2) 1 Canada 8,91,163 2 Russia
Some Important Tribes and their Homeland (World) Eskimos: Greenland, North Canada, Alaska, N. Siberia Koryaks: N. Siberia, Eurassian Tunda, North-East Asia Aleuts: Alaska (US), Kamchataka Krai
Place Country Importance White Sands USA Trinity' was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear device. It was conducted by the United Stat
Major Waterfalls of India Waterfalls Height River Place Kunchikal Falls 455 Varahi Karnataka Jog
Country, Capital and Currency Country Capital Currency Afghanistan Kabul Afghani Albania Tirana
Ablation: Loss of ice in the body of a glacier through melting etc. Abrasion: Erosion of rocks by water, wind or ice (glacier). Alluvium: The fine debris transported and deposited by a river. Landforms formed by deposition of such material are
Chhattisgarh is the highest producer of tin in India. The valley of Kashmir is located in between the Zaskar and Pir Panjal ranges. Siachen glacier is located in the Karakoram Range. Jindhagada is the highest peak of the Eastern Ghats. Sia
