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Unit: The chosen standard used for measuring a physical quantity is called unit. The unit should be: 1. Well defined 2. Easy to reproduce 3. Easy to compare 4. Internationally accepted independent of changes in physical conditi
Motion When an object shifts its position in relation to a reference point within a specific time frame, it is said to be motion. The change in a body's position with respect to a frame of reference as time changes is measured and expresse
Work If a body gets displaced when a force acts on it, work is said to be done. Work is measured by the product of force and displacement of the body along the direction of force. If a body gets displaced by S when a force F acts on it, then th
Gravitation: Every body attracts other body by a force called force of gravitation. Newton's law of Gravitation: The force of gravitational attraction between two point bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and i
Pressure is defined as force acting normally on unit area of the surface. SI unit of pressure is N/m2 also called pascal (Pa), Pressure is a scalar quantity. Some application of the concept of pressure: The bags and suitcases ar
Buoyant Force: When a body is immersed party or wholly in a liquid, a force acts on the body by the liquid in the upward direction. This force is called Buoyant force or force of buoyancy or upthrust. It is equal to the weight of liquid displaced
Cohesive Force: The force of attraction between the molecules of same substance is called cohesive force. Cohesive force is maximum in solids. This is why solids have a fixed shape. Cohesive force is negligible in case of gases. Adhesive Force: Fo
Viscous force: The force which opposes the relative motion between different layers of liquid or gases is called viscous force. Viscosity: Viscosity is the property of a liquid by virtue of which it opposes the relative motion between its
Elasticity: Elasticity is the property of material of a body by virtue of which the body acquires its original shape and size after the removal of deforming force. Elastic Limit: Elastic limit is the maximum value of deforming force upto whi
Periodic Motion: Any motion which repeats itself after regular interval of time is called periodic or harmonic motion. Motion of hands of a clock, motion of earth around the sun, motion of the needle of a sewing machine, motion of pendulum are the
A wave is a disturbance which propagates energy from one place to the other without the transport of matter. Waves are broadly of two types: 1. Mechanical Wave 2. Non-mechanical Wave 1. Mechanical Wave: The waves which require material
Sound waves are longitudinal mechanical waves According to their frequency range, longitudinal mechanical waves are divided into the following categories: 1. Audible or Sound Waves: The longitudinal mechanical waves which lie in the
Heat is that form of energy which flows from one body to other body due to difference in temperature between the bodies. The amount of heat contained in a body depends upon the mass of the body. If W work is performed and heat produced is H the
Light is a form of energy which is propagated as electromagnetic waves. In the spectrum of electromagnetic waves it lies between ultra-violet and infra-red region and has wavelength between 3900 A to 7800 A. Electromagnetic waves are transv
When two bodies are rubbed together, they acquire the property of attracting light objects like small bits of paper, dust particles etc. The bodies which acquire this property are said to be electrified or charged with electricity. Charge: Char
Electric Current: Electric current is defined as the rate of flow of charge or charge flowing per unit time interval. Its direction is the direction of flow of positive charge. Electric current SI unit is ampere (A). It is a scalar quantity.
Magnetism is the property displayed by magnets and produced by the movement of electric charges, which results in objects being attracted or pushed away. Magnet is a piece of iron or other materials that can attract iron containing objects a
Atomic Physics E. Rutherford is known as the father of nuclear physics. Atom is the smallest part of matter which takes part in chemical reactions. Atoms of the same element are similar in mass, size and characteristics. Atom consists of
Electronics Electronics is the branch of physics and technology concerned with the behaviour and movement of electrons. Electron Emission: In metals, the electrons from the outermost orbit of atom become free at room temp. However these free
Instrument Use Altimeter Measures altitudes (used in aircraft) Ammeter Measures strength of electric current Anemometer
Invention Inventor Country Year Adding machine Pascal France 1642 Aeroplane Wright brothe
Discovery Scientist Year Laws of motion Newton 1687 Law of electrostatic attraction Coulomb 1779
Quantity SI Symbol Length Meter m Mass kilogram kg Time Second
1 Inch 2.54 centimeter 1 grain 64.8 milligram 1 Feet 0.3 meter 1 dram 1.77 gm 1 Yard 0.91