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Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the composition of matter and also the Physical and Chemical characteristics associated with the different material objects. A French chemist, Lavolsier (1743-1793) is regarded as father of m
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Atom The smallest particle of an element is called an atom. An atom can take part in chemical combination and does not occur free in nature. The atom of the hydrogen is the smallest and lightest. Example – Na, K,
Common Facts S. no Catalyst Process 1 Fe + Mo Synthesis of NH3 by Haber's process. 2 Ni Synthese
1. Fertilizers: The substances added to the soil to make up the deficiency of essential elements are known as fertilizers, these are natural or synthetic (chemical). For a chemical fertilizer, the following requirements should be met: (i)&n
Chemistry: The Branch of Science Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the composition of matter and also the physical and chemical characteristics associated with different material objects. A French chemist, Lavoisier (1743-1793),
Father of Periodic Table – Mendeleev Classification of Elements The arrangement of the known elements in certain groups in such a way so that the elements with similar properties are grouped together is known as classification of elements
Chemical Bonding The force that holds together the different atoms in a molecule is called a chemical bond. There are many types of chemical bonds. Ionic bond or (Electrovalent bond): A bond formed by the complete transfer of one or more ele
Oxidation (Old Concept) Oxidation is a process which involves either of the following: Addition of Oxygen Removal of Hydrogen Addition of Electronegative Element or Group Removal of Electropositive Element or G
Solution and Its Types Definition of Solution A homogeneous mixture of two or more pure non-reacting substances whose composition can be varied within certain limits is called a solution. Binary and Ternary Solutions
Acid Definition An acid is a substance which: is sour in taste turns blue litmus paper into red contains replaceable hydrogen gives hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution (Arrhenius theory) can don
Behaviour of Gases 1. Boyle’s law: At constant temperature, the volume of a definite mass of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure. V ∝ 1/p (at constant T) 2. Charles’s law: At constant
Electrolysis 1. Electrolytes: These are the substances which allow electricity to pass through them in their molten states or in the form of their aqueous solution and undergo chemical decomposition. Examples – acids, ba
Properties and Allotropes Introduction Carbon is a non-metal with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 12. It is placed in Group (IV) A, or Group 14, in the periodic table. Allotropy of Carbon The substances whi
Fuels A substance that can supply energy either alone or by combining with another substance is known as fuel. Heat content of fuel is measured in calories. An ideal fuel: Has high calorific value Is cheap and easily available
The process of extracting metal in pure form from its ore is known as metallurgy. Minerals The compound of a metal found in nature is called a mineral. A mineral may be a single compound or a complex mixture. Ores Tho
Important Facts About Some Metals Zinc and Copper Zinc phosphide is used for killing rats. Wooden furniture is coated with zinc chloride to prevent termites. Excess of copper in human beings causes a disease called Wil
Non-Metals In the modern periodic table there are 24 nonmetals; 11 are gases, 1 is liquid (Br₂), and 82 are solid. Electronegative elements are nonmetals. Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity except for g
Common Facts Krypton (Kr) is used in airport landing lights and in lighthouses. Catalysts and Their Uses Catalyst Process / Reaction Use/Description Fe + Mo
Fertilizers The substances added to the soil to make up the deficiency of essential elements are known as fertilizers. These are either natural or synthetic (chemical). For a chemical fertilizer, the following requirements should be met:
