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Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the composition of matter and also the Physical and Chemical characteristics associated with the different material objects. A French chemist, Lavolsier (1743-1793) is regarded as father of m
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Atom: The smallest particle of an element is called an atom. An atom can take part in chemical combination and does not occur free in nature. The atom of the hydrogen is the smallest and lightest. Example – Na, K, Ca, H etc. Molecule:
Father of periodic table – Mendeleev. The arrangement of the known elements in certain groups in such a way so that the elements with similar properties are grouped together is known as classification of elements. Genesis of periodic clas
The force that holds together the different atoms in a molecule is called chemical bond. There are many types of chemical bond. Ionic bond or (Electrovalent bond): A bond formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one ato
Oxidation (old concept): Oxidation is a process which involves either of the following – (i) addition of oxygen (ii) removal of hydrogen (iii) addition
Acid: (i) is sour in taste (ii) turns blue litmus paper into red (iii) contains replaceable hydrogen (iv) gives hydrogen ion (H+) in aqueous solution (Arrhenius theorem) (v) can donote a proton (Bronsted & Low
1. Boyle's law: At constant temperature, the volume of a definite mass of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure. pV = K (where K is a constant) p1V1 = p2V2 2. Chrle's law: At constant pressure, the volume of
1. Electrolytes: These are the substances which allow the electricity to pass through them in their molten states or in the form of their aqueous solution and undergo chemical decomposition, Examples – acids, bases & salts. 2. Str
Carbon is non-metal having atomic number 6 and mass number 12. It is placed in group (IV) A or group 14 in periodic table. Allotropy The substances which have same chemical properties, but different physical properties are called allotropes
A substance that can supple energy either alone or by reacting with another substance is known as fuel. Heat produced by fuel is measured in Calories. An ideal fuel should (i) have high calorific value (ii) be cheap and easily
The process of extracting metal in pure form from its ore is known as metallurgy. Minerals: The compound of a metal found in nature is called a mineral. A mineral may be a single compound or a complex mixture. Ores: Those minerals fro
Zinc phosphide is used for killing rats. Wood furnitures are coated with zinc chloride to prevent termites. Excess of copper in human beings causes disease called Wilson. Galvanised iron is coated with zinc. Rusting of iron is a chemic
In modern periodic table there are 24 non metals. 11 are gases, 1 is liquid (Br2) and 12 are solid. Electronegative elements are non metals. No metals are bad conductor of heat and electricity except graphite, Si & Ge are semi conductor.
Common Facts S. no Catalyst Process 1 Fe + Mo Synthesis of NH3 by Haber's process. 2 Ni Synthese
1. Fertilizers: The substances added to the soil to make up the deficiency of essential elements are known as fertilizers, these are natural or synthetic (chemical). For a chemical fertilizer, the following requirements should be met: (i)&n
