Indian Polity & Constitution

The High Court

By Examguru / 28 Sep, 2023 / Download PDF

The High Court

  • The High Court is the head of the Judiciary in the State.
  • There are 25 High Courts in the country, three having jurisdiction over more than one state.
  • Six High Courts (Allahabad, Bombay, Gauhati, Madhya Pradesh, Madras and Rajasthan) have 11 Permanent Benches amongst themselves.
  • Only Karnataka High Court has two circuit Benches at Dharwad and Gulbarga.
  • Among the union territories, Delhi alone has a High, Court of its own. Other six union territories come under the jurisdiction of different state High Courts.
  • Every Judge of a High Court is appointed by the President.
  • In making appointment as a High Court Judge, President can consult the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State and also the Chief Justice of that High Court.
  • The Judge of the High Courts in India is administered an oath of office by the Governor of the State or some person appointed by him for the purpose.
  • A Judge of the High Court can hold office until the age of 62 years.

A High Court Judge can leave his office:

  • By resignation in writing addressed to the President.
  • By being appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court or being transferred to any other High Court by the President.
  • By removal by the President.
  • The mode of removal of a Judge of the High Court is same as that of a Judge of the Supreme Court.

The qualifications for being a Judge of the High Court are:

  • Be a citizen of India.
  • Not above 62 years of age.
  • Must have held for at least 10 years a judicial office in territory of India or experience of at least 10 years as advocate of a High Court, or of two or more such courts in succession in India.
  • Salaries and allowances of the High Court Judges are charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State. [Art. 202(3) (d)].
  • After retirement a permanent Judge of High Court can not plead or act in a Court or before any authority in India, except the Supreme Court and a High Court in which he has not worked.

The Hight Courts: Seats and Jurisdiction

Name of the H.C.

Established

Territorial Jurisdiction

Principal Seat

Allahabad

17-03-1866

Uttar Pradesh

Allahabad [(Bench at Lucknow, began functioning from 01-07-1948))

Andhra Pradesh

01-01-2019

Andhra Pradesh,

Amaravati

Bombay

14-08-1862

Maharashtra, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Goa, Daman &Diu.

Mumbai [(Benches at Nagpur (01-05-1960), Panji (01-07-1948), Aurangabad (27-08-1984)]

Calcutta

01-07-1862

West Bengal, Andman & Nicobar Islands.

Kolkata (Circuit Bench at Port Blair)

Chhattisgarh

2000

Chhattisgarh

Bilaspur

Delhi

31-10-1966

Delhi

Delhi

Gauhati

01-03-1948

Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh

Guwahati (Benches at Kohima for Nagaland (01-12-1972), Aizawl for Mizoram (05-07-1990) and Itanagar for Arunachal Pradesh (12-08-2000)

Gujarat

1960

Gujarat

Sola (Ahmedabad)

Himachal Pradesh

1966

Himachal Pradesh

Shimla

Jammu and Kashmir

1928

Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh

Srinagar (Summer) and Jammu (Winter)

Jharkhand

2000

Jharkhand

Ranchi

Karnataka

1884

Karnataka

Bengaluru (Bench-Dharwad (07-02-2008) and Gulbarga (07-02-2008)]

Kerala

01-11-1956

Kerala & Lakshadweep

Ernakulam

Madhya Pradesh

01-11-1956

Madhya Pradesh

Jabalpur (Bench-Indore (01-11-1956), Gwalior (01-11-1956)]

Madras

15-08-1862

Tamil Nadu & Puducherry

Chennai [(Bench-Madurai, (24-07-2004)]

Manipur

25-03-2013

Manipur

Imphal

Meghalaya

25-03-2013

Meghalaya

Shillong

Orissa

08-06-1948

Odisha

Cuttack

Patna

03-02-1916

Bihar

Patna

Punjab & Haryana

1975

Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh

Chandigarh

Rajasthan

29-08-1949

Rajasthan

Jodhpur (Bench-Jaipur (31-01-1997)]

Sikkim

1975

Sikkim

Gangtok

Telangana

01-01-2019

Telangana

Hyderabad

Uttarakhand

2000

Uttarakhand

Nainital

Tripura

26-03-2013

Tripura

Agartala

  1. Before the bifurcation of Telangana as a separate state the principal seat of Andhra Pradesh was at Hyderabad which was established in 1954.
  2. The oldest High Court in India.

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