Biology-Introduction

Biology-Introduction

Biology:

Branch of science in which scientific study of life is done.
Bios = Life and Logos = Study. Therefore study of life is called Biology. The term biology was first coined by Lamarck and Treviranus in the year 1801. Biology has two main branch –

1.  Botany: Study of different aspects of plats. Theophrastus is known as father of botany.
2.  Zoology: Study of various aspects of animals. Aristotle is called father of Zoology as well as Biology.

Important Terms of Biology:

• Anatomy: Study of internal structure of organism.
• Agrology: Soil science dealing specially with production of crop.
• Agronomy: Science and technology of soil management for the production of crop.
• Agrostology: Study of grass.
• Arthrology: Study of joints.
• Apiculture: Rearing of honey bee for honey.
• Anthropology: Study of origin, development and relationship between the culture of past and present human.
• Anthology: Study of flower and flowering plant.
• Angiology: Study of blood vascular system including arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels.
• Andrology: Branch of physiology and medicine specially deal with the problem related to male reproductive organ.
• Bryology: Study of Bryophytes.
• Biometrics: Statistical analysis of Biological data.
• Biomedical engineering: Application of engineering for the production and designing of spare part for overcoming various defects in man. e.g. Artificial limbs, Iron lung, Pacemaker etc.
• Biotechnology: Technology concerned with living beings for wilful manupulation on molecular level.
• Bacteriology: Study of bacteria.
• Cytology: Study of cell.
• Cryobiology: It is the study of the effect of the low temperature on organisms and their preservation.

• Clone: Clones are genetically identical individual in a population.
• Cardiology: Study of heart and blood vessels.
• Chiropody: Branch of science related with the study of feet.
• Demography: Study of population.
• Diffusion: Random movement of molecule/ion or gases from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.
• Dermatology: Study of skin.
• Dendrochronology: Counting and analyzing annual growth rings of tree to know its age.
• Ecology: Study of inter-relationship between living and their environment.
• Evolution: Study of origin of life, variation and formation of new species.
• Embryology: Study of fertilization of egg, formation of zygote and development of embryo.
• Eugenics: Study of factors connected with the improvement of human race.
• Euthenics: Study of environment condition that contribute to the improvement of human beings.
• Euphenics: The improvement of phenotypic defect due to genetical abnormality, by altering the environment.
• Ethnology: Study of science dealing with different races of human.
• Ethology: Study of animal behaviour in their natured habitats.
• Etiology: Study of causative agent of disease.
• Entomology: Study of insects.
• Exobiology: Study of possibility of life in space.
• Floriculture: Cultivation of plant for flower.
• Food technology: Scientific processing, preservation, storage and transportation of food.
• Forensic science: Application of science for analysis of various fact and evidence to identify the cause or the person involve in criminal act.
• Fishery: Catching, breeding, rearing and marketing of fishes.
• Forestry: Development and management of forests.
• Fermentation: Process of incomplete oxidation that occur in microbes and other cells in absence of oxygen, leading to the formation of ethyl alcohol.
• Genetics: Study of variation and transmission of heredity character from parents to their young ones.
• Growth: Permanent increase in weight, volume and size of an organism.
• Genetic Engineering: Manipulation of gene in order improve the organism.
• Gynecology: Study of female reproductive organ.
• Gerontology: Study of ageing.
• Gastroenterology: Study of alimentary canal or (stomach and intestine) related disorders.
• Hypertonic: When two solution have different solute concentration. The solution which have higher solute concentration is called hypertonic.
• Hypotonic: In two solutions which have lower solute concentration is called hypotonic.
• Homeothermic: Animals who have constant body temperature are called homeothermic or warmblooded animal.
• Histology: Study of tissue organisation and their structure with the help of microscope.
• Hygiene: Science of taking care of health and prevent, disease, specially through cleanliness.
• Hydroponics: Study of growing plant without soil in water which contain nutrient.
• Haematology: Study of blood in health and disease.
• Hepatology: Branch of medicine concerned with the structure, function, diseases and abnormalities of liver.
• Ichthyology: Study of fishes.
• Immunology: Study of immune system or resistance of body to disease.
• Kalology: Study of human beauty.
• Metazoans: All multicellular animals are called metazoans.
• Monoecious: Plants which have both male and female flower.
• Morphology: Study of micro-organism like virus, bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa.
• Molecular biology: Study of molecule found in the body of living organism.
• Medicine: Study of treating disease by drug.
• Mammography: Branch of science which deal test for breast cancer.
• Mycology: Study of fungi.
• Myrmecology: Study of ant is called myrmecology.
• Mixed farming: Study along with animal husbandry.
• Nutrients: Chemical substances takes as food which are necessary for various function, growth and health of living.
• Nanotechnology: The study ‘Science of very small’ is known as nanotechnology or manipulation of material and devices on the scale of atomic level.
• Neurology: Study of nervous system.
• Neonatology: Medical care of newborn especially the ill or premature.
• Nephrology: Study of kidneys.
• Osmosis: Movement of water molecule across semipermeable membrane from the region of its higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.
• Odontology: Study of teeth and gum.
• Osteology: Study of bones.
• Oncology: Study of cancer and tumours.
• Obstetrics: Science related with care of pregnant women before, during and after child birth.
• Ornithology: Study of birds.
• Ophthalmology: Study of eyes.
• Orehopaedics: Diagnosis and repair of disorder of locomotery system.
• Phytoplankton: Microscopic organism which passively float on the surface of water.
• Parasite: Organism which depend on other living organism for their food and shelter and often harm it.
• Poikilothermic: Organism which change their body temperature according to surrounding. These are also called cold blooded animal.
• Pigment: A substance which absorb light of certain wavelength like chlorophyll found in green leaves.
• Paleontology: Study of fossils like dinosaurs.
• Physiology: Study of function of various system of organism.
• Pathology: Study of diseases, effects, causable agents and transmission of pathogens.
• Pomology: Study of fruit and fruit yielding plant.
• Psychiatry: Treatment of mental disorders.
• Psychology: Study of human mind and behaviour.
• Pisciculture: Rearing of fishes.
• Phycology: Study of algae.
• Paediatrics: Branch of medicine dealing with children.
• Parasitology: Study of parasites.
• Pharmacology: The science which deal with drugs.
• Photobiology: Effect of light of various biological processes.
• Phylogeny: Evolutionary history of organism.
• Physiotherapy: Treatment of body defects through massage and exercise.
• Radiology: Medical science dealing with imaging such as X rays, CT, MRI, PET for diagnosis and treating disease in human body.
• Rhinology: Study of nose and olfactory organs.
• Sonography: Study of ultrasound imaging.
• Saurology: Study of lizards.
• Serology: Study of serum, interaction of antigen and antibodies in the blood.
• Sphygmology: Study of pulse and arterial pressure.
• Taxonomy: Study of classification, nomenclature and identification of organism.
• Telepathy: Communication of thoughts or ideas from one mind to another without normal use of senses. In other word this is the process of mental contact.
• Veterinary Science: Science of health care and treatment of domestic animals.
• Holstein Friesian: It is a non-indigenous breed of cow.
• Primatology: The study of bodies and behaviour of human like species such as monkey, apes, orangutan etc.
• Viticulture: Cultivation of grapes.
• Horticulture: Growing vegetable, flower and fruit for commercial purpose.
• Agriculture: The Science and art of cultivation soil, raising crops and rearing livestock.
• Osteology: The study of structure and function of the skeleton and bony structure.
• Olericulture: The branch of horticulture which deals with the production, storage, processing and marketing of vegetables.
• Otorhinolaryngology: The branch of medicine which deal with conditions of ear, nose and throat (ENT) region.