Geography

Major Industries of India

By Examguru / 06 Oct, 2023 / Download PDF

Major Industries of India

Iron & Steel Industry

  • The Ministry of Steel is responsible for planning and development of iron and steel industry, development of essential inputs such as iron ore, limestone, dolomite manganese ore, chromites, ferro-alloys, sponge iron etc., and other related functions.
  • This industry has been a core pillar of industrial development in the country. India's crude steel capacity has steadily risen to 142 MT at present and India has become the world's second largest producer of steel (-111 MT crude steel production in 2018).

Global Ranking of Indian Steel

  • Out of a total global crude steel production of 1,003.9 MT (during January-June 2021, up by 14.4%), India was the 2nd largest crude steel producer (57.9 MT) with a 5.8% share in total world production and a 31.3% growth in production over the same period of 2020. China produced 563.3 MT of crude steel during this period and remained the largest crude steel producer in the world, accounting for 76.4% of Asian production and 56.1% of world crude steel production. [Source: INDIA 2022]

Iron & Steel Industries before Independence

Place

State

Est. Year

 Facts

Kulti

West Bengal

1874

It was changed into Bengal Iron & Steel Company

Sakchi

Bihar (Now Jharkhand)

1907

Tata Iron & Steel Company was established by Jamshed Ji Tata. The modern Iron & Steel industry of India is supposed to have started from here. It was Private Sector company.

Hirapur

West Bengal

1918

Its name was Indian Iron & Steel Company.

Bhadravati

Karnataka

1923

Earlier its name was Mysore Iron & Steel Company, which later changed to Vishweshwaraia Iron & Steel Works Limited. It was the first PSU company.

Burnpur

West Bengal

1937

Steel Corporation of Bengal was established which later merged into Indian Iron & Steel Company. Hirapur is the earlier name of Bumpur.

Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) established by Jamshed Ji Tata at the bank of Subarnarekha river in a place called Sakchi, Singhbhum, Jharkhand (the then Bihar) is considered to be the first major establishment in this industry in India.

Iron & Steel Industries after Independence

Industries established during 2nd 5-Year Plan (1956-61):

  • Bhilai Steel Plant: It was established in 1955 in Bhilai, the then Madhya Pradesh (currently in Durg district, Chhat-tisgarh) with the help of Soviet Union. Production was started here in 1959.
  • Hindustan Steel Limited, Rourkela: It was established in 1959 with the help of West Germany in Rourkela in Odisha.
  • Hindustan Steel Limited, Durgapur: It was established in 1956 with the help of Britain in Durgapur, West Bengal. Production was started here in 1962.

Purvodaya

• A flagship initiative-Pur-vodaya was envisaged for an integrated steel hub in the Eastern states. It will drive best in class capacity creation, augment value addition and boost compe-tiveness through the setting up of Greenfield steel plants, clusters, capital goods and requisite logistics infrastructure.

• The Eastern states of India (Odisha, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Northern Andhra Pradesh) are home to 80% of the Indian iron reserves. Additionally they have access to important logistic infrastructure such as ports, inland waterways and slurry pipelines. Therefore, for the envisaged expansion of Indian steel sector, the Eastern Hub will serve as the engine driving the growth of the steel sector.

[Source: INDIA 2022]

Industries established during 3rd 5-Year Plan

  • Bokaro Steel Plant:

This steel plant was set up in 1964 at Bokaro with Russian collaboration (The Then Soviet Union). This plant was set up on the principle of transportation cost minimisation by creating Bokaro-Rourkela combine. It receives iron ore from the Rourkela region and the wagons on return take coal to Rourkela.

Industries established during 4th 5-Year Plan

  • Salem Steel Plant: The Salem Steel Plant in Tamil Nadu was commissioned in 1982.
  • Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant: The Vizag Steel Plant, in Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh is the first port-based plant which started operating in 1992.
  • Vijaynagar Steel Plant: The Vijaynagar Steel Plant at Hosapete (Bellari district) in Karnataka was developed using indigenous technology.
  • Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL): After independence, during the Second Five Year Plan (1956-61), three new integrated steel plants were set up with foreign collaboration : Rourkela in Odisha, Bhilai in Chhattisgarh and Durgapur in West Bengal. These were public sector plants under Hindustan Steel Limited (HSL). On 24th January, 1973, the Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) was created with a capital of Rs. 2000 Crores to manage these plants.

Aluminium Industry

  • The first Aluminium industry in India was set up in 1937 near J.K. Nagar, Asansol in West Bengal.
  • Further in 1938 the second industry was established at Muri, Bihar (Now Jharkhand), Alwaye (Kerala), Belur (W.B.) and Hirakud (Odisha). Subsequently the third industry of Aluminium was established at Renukoot (U.P) and the forth industry was started by Madras Aluminium Company at Mettur (Tamil Nadu).
  • Hindustan Alluminium Corporation (HINDALCO) was established at Renukoot (U.P.) in 1958. Its first real contribution to the vision of an industrial India occurred four years later, when G.D. Birla set up India's First integrated aluminium facility at Renukoot, in the eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. It was backed by a captive thermal power plant at Renusagar in 1967.
  • On 7th January, 1981, National Aluminium Company was established with the purpose of production of Alumina and Aluminium. Its registered office is at Bhuwaneshwar, Odisha.
  • The Jawahar Lai Nehru Aluminium Research Development and Design Centre (JNARDDC), Nagpur is a Centre of Excellence set up in 1989 as a joint venture of Ministry of Mines, Govt, of India and UNDP.

Company

Cooperating country

Major Centers

 BALCO

Former USSR

 J.K. Nagar (West Bengal), Korba (Chhattisgarh), Koyana (Maharashtra)

NALCO electricity

France

Damanjodi (Odisha)

HINDALCO

USA

Renukoot(UttarPradesh)

INDALCO

Canada

Muri (Jharkhand), Alwaye (Kerala)

MALCO

Italy

Chennai, Mettur, Salem (Tamil Nadu)

VEDANTA

Germany

Jharsugueda

Cottton Industry

  • In 1854, the first modern cotton mill was established in Mumbai.
  • Subsequently, two more mills, the Shahpur Mill and the Calico Mill were established in Ahmedabad. By 1947, the number of mills in India went up to 423 but the scenario changed after partition and this industry suffered a major recession. This was due to the fact that the most of the good quality cotton growing areas had gone to West Pakistan and India was left with 409 mills and only 29% of the cotton producing area.
  • After Independence, this industry gradually recovered and eventually flourished.
  • The production of the organised sector has drastically fallen from 81% in the mid-twentieth century to only about 6% in 2000.
  • Cotton is a "pure" raw material which does not lose weight in the manufacturing process.
  • After 1921, with the development of the railway network other cotton textile centres expanded rapidly. In southern India, mills were set up at Coimbatore, Madurai and Bengaluru. In central India, Nagpur, Indore, Solapur and Vadodara became cotton textile centres. Cotton textile mills were set up at Kanpur based on local investment. Mills were also set up at Kolkata due to its port facilities.
  • Cotton is one of the most important cash crops in India and the country accounts for around 25% of the total global fiber production.
  • In the raw material consumption basket of the Indian textile industy, the proportion of cotton is around 59%.
  • Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu are the leading cotton producing states.
  • Tamil Nadu has the largest number of mills and most of them produce yarn rather than cloth.
  • The cotton textile industry is located in the cotton producing Telengana region, where most of the mills are spinning mills producing yam.

Jute Industry

  • Jute is popularly known as 'Golden Fibre of Bengal'.
  • India is the largest producer of jute in the world with an average production of about 80 lakh bales of raw jute annually.
  • This first factory of Jute was established at Rishra (West Bengal) in 1855.
  • The Jute Corporation of India has been set up in 1971 for its development and to manage import, export and the internal market.
  • India is the second largest exporter of Jute items after Bangladesh.
  • India contributes 35% in the production of Jute items.

Important places related to Jute Industry

State

Places

West Bengal

Titagarh, Rishra, Bally, Agarpara, Bansberia, Kankinara, Uluberia, Serampore, Budge Budge, Howrah, Shyam Nagar, Shibpur, Sealdah, Bir-lapur, Holinagar, Barrackpore

Andhra Pradesh

Vishakhapattanam, Guntur

Uttar Pradesh

Kanpur, Sahjanwa (Gorakhpur)

Bihar

Pumea, Katihar, Saharsa, Darbhanga

Note - International Jute Organisation (H.Q.: Dhaka) was founded on 09.01.1984.

Sugar Industry

  • The sugar industry is the second most important agro-based industry in the country. India is the largest producer of both sugarcane and cane sugar and contributes about 8% of the total sugar production in the world.
  • This industry provides employment for more than 4 lakh persons directly and a large number of farmers indirectly.
  • Development of the industry on modern lines dates back to 1903, when a sugar mill was started in Bihar.
  • In 1840 the first sugar industry was setup in Betia, Bihar but its actual production started in 1931 when protection of this industry was provided by the central government.
  • In 1950-51,139 factories were in operation. The number of sugar factories rose to 662 in 2010-11.

Important places related to Sugar Industry

State

Places

Maharashtra

Mansar, Nashik, Ahmednagar, Pune, Solapur, Kolhapur

Uttar Pradesh

Deoria, Bhatni, Padrauna, Gorakhpur, Gauri Bazar, Siswan, Basti, Balrampur, Barabanki, Sitapur, Hardoi, Bijnor, Meerut, Saharanpur, Moradabad, Bulandshahar, Kanpur, Ayodhya (Faizabad), Mujaffamagar, Lakhim-pur Kheri, Gonda, Bahraich, Ghaziabad, Baghpat

Bihar

Motihari, Sugauli, Majhaulia, Chanpatia, Narka-tia Ganj, Marhaura, Sasamusa, Motipur, Gopalganj, Dalmia Nagar, Saran, Samastipur, Darbhanga, Cham-paran, Hasanpur, Siwan, Gaya

West Bengal

Beldanga, Palashi (Palasi/Plassey), Howrah, Murshidabad

Punjab

Gurdaspur, Jalandhar, Sangarur, Patiala and Amritsar, Hamira, Phagwara

Haryana

Yamuna Nagar, Rohtak, Hissar, Faridabad, Jagdhari

Tamil Nadu

Coimbatore, Vellore, Tiruvanamalai, Villupuram, Madurai, Arcot, Tiruchchirappalli

Andhra Pradesh

Sitapuram, Pithapuram, East Godavari, West Godavari, Vishakhapatnam,

Karnataka

Hosapete, Belagavi, Ballari, Mandya, Shivamogga (Shimoga), Vijayapura, Chitradurg

Rajasthan

Ganga Nagar, Bhopal Sagar

Telangana

Nizamabad, Medak

Gujarat

Surat, Junagarh, Amreli, Valsad, Bhavnagar

  • Maharashtra has emerged as a leading sugar producer in the country and produces more than one-third of the total production of sugar in the country.
  • Uttar Pradesh is the second largest producer of sugar.

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