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- Minerals In India
- Introduction - Geography
- The Solar System & Universe
- Continents of the World
- Oceans on The Earth
- Biosphere: Lithosphere, Hydrospher
- Time & Zones (Latitude and Longitude)
- Coriolis & Different Effect
- Atmosphere
- Winds, Clouds, Rainfall, Islands & Rocks
- Earthquakes and Volcanoes
- Various Landforms – Mountains, Plateaus, Plains, Glaciers, Rivers, Groundwater etc. / India Physical Features
- Soil Resources of the Indian Sub-continent
- Agriculture in India
- Major Industries of India
- India State of Forest Report 2019
- The Drainage System of India
- Transport in India (Road, Rail, Air)
- India Facts and Figures- States, UTs and their Capitals
- Census - Population, Literacy, Sex Ratio
- Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in India
- RAMSAR Wetland Sites
- Important Irrigation and Power Projects
- Mount Everest
- Indian Subcontinent, Union Territories & Border with Neighboring Countries
- Project Tiger & Tiger Reserves
- Cities at the Bank of River
- Wonders of the World - Ancient, Medieval, New & Others
- Some Important Industries
- Famous Sites of India & World
- Major Straits of the World that (Connect & Separate)
- Important Discoveries (World)
- Major Island, Canals, Dams & Deserts of the World
- Aquatic Area, Coastline, Boundary Lines & Geographical Epithets
- Some Important Tribes and their Homeland (World)
- Some Important Places in the World
- Major Waterfalls and Lakes of India & World
- Country, Capital and Currency
- Glossary of Geographical Terms
- Miscellaneous - Geography
Minerals in India
- Geological Survey of India (HQ: Kolkata), Indian Bureau of Mines (HQ; Nagpur), Oil and Natural Gas Commission-ONGC (HQ: Dehradun), Mineral Research Corporation Limited-MRCL (HQ: Nagpur), National Mineral Development Corporation-NMDC (HQ: Hyderabad), National Aluminium Company Ltd. and Mining and Geology Department of different states are conducting survey, observation and researches on minerals in India.
- Dharwar region is the richest in metallic minerals
- The top five mineral producing states of India are Odisha, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.
- Non refined petroleum is found in the sedimentary rocks of Tertiary Age.
- Systematic oil exploration and production started in India after the establishment of ONGC in 1956.
- The resources of natural gas in India is found in the Cambay Basin, Krishna Godawari Basin, Cauvery (Kaveri) Basin and Vindhya Basin.
- The largest producer of crude oil and natural gas in India is Gujarat.
Minerals in India: Some Notable Facts
|
Minerals |
Location |
Important Points |
|
Petroleum |
Assam (Digboi, Naharkatiya, Hugrijan - Moran, Surma river valley), Gujarat (Mainly in Gulf of Khambhat, Ankleshwar but extended upto Nawagaon, Kosamba, Olpad, Dholka, Mehsana, Kalol etc.), Maharashtra (Mumbai High region). |
In India the Petroleum Oil is mainly found in Sedimentary rocks. Natural Gas is also found in Hugrijan-Moran.Digboi, is the oldest oil region in India. Vasudhara is the name of first Oil well in Ankleshwar (1960). Mumbai High is 176 kms from the Mumbai coast. From here the mineral oil is being extracted since 1976. The ship named Sagar Samrat was called from Japan to extract the oil from deep oceanic part of this region. Moreover 60% of the total oil produced in the country is extracted from this region. Currently there are 21 refineries are functional in the country, of which 17are from public sector, 3 are from private sector and 1 JV |
|
Iron Ore |
Odisha (Gurumahisani, Sulaipet, Badampahar in Mayurbhanj) Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, Kiruburu Mines in Kendujhar and Bonai Mines in Sundargadh district of Odisha. The of Iron-ore are found in Bailadila of Bastar district in Chhattisgarh; Sandoor Hills at Bellary - Hosepet region and Bababudan Hills and Kudremukh in Chikmanglur district in Karnataka; Cudappah and Nellore districts in Andhra Pradesh. The Major regions of Magnetite ores are -Kudremukh (Karnataka ), Salem (Tamil Nadu), Kozhikod (Kerala), Maharashtra and Goa. In 2017-18 Odisha is the leading producer of iron ore accounting for 102MT of total production, followed by Chhattisgarh (34MT), Karnataka (28 MT) and Jharkhand (21MT) |
India has fourth position in the production of Iron-ores in the world. China, Australia and Brazil holds First, Second and Third position consecutively. Although India has the largest reserve of Iron-ores in the world. Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka, Goa and Jharkhand are the top five producers of Iron-ore in India respectively. |
|
Manganese |
Odisha (Sundergarh, Sambalpur, Bolangir, Keonjhar, Kalahandi, Koraput). Maharashtra (Nagpur, Ratnagiri, Bhandara). Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat, Chhindwara). Karnataka (Shimoga, Bellari, Chitradurg, Bijapur). Andhra Pradesh (Srikakulam, Vishakhapat-tanam). Gujarat (Panchamahal, Baroda). Jharkhand (Singhbhum). Rajasthan (Banswara) |
India has the second largest reserves of Manganese in the world after Zimbabwe. India holds the fifth position in the world in terms of the production of Manganese. Top reserves of Manganese in India are - Odisha (44%), Karnataka (22%)Madhya Pradesh (12%), Maharashtra (7%), Goa (7%) Andhra Pradesh (4%), Jharkhand (2%) |
|
Coal |
Jharkhand (Dhanbad, Singhbhum, Giridih) West Bengal (Raniganj, Asansol), Chhattisgarh (Raigarh), Odisha (Deshgarh, Talcher), Assam (Makum, Lakhimpur), Maharashtra (Chanda/Chandrapur, Nagpur), Telangana (Singareni), Meghalay, Jammu & Kashmir, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh (Namchik, Namphuk) |
India has third position in world coal production. The first three states in coal production in India are Jharkhand (40%) Chhattisgarh, Odisha. Anthracite is the best quality of Coal is also called 'Black Gold' and The Bread of Industries Lignite is called 'Brown Gold' |
|
Copper |
Jharkhand (Singhbhum, Hazaribagh) Rajasthan (Khetri, Jhunjhunu, Bhilwara, Alwar and Sirohi). Maharashtra (Kolhapur), Karnataka (Chital durg, Hasan, Raichur), Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat), Andhra Pradesh (Agni gundal) |
In India the first three states in copper production are Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Jharkhand. Copper is also extracted along with zinc from Zawar mines of Rajasthan In Rajasthan, the largest reserve of minerals is copper. |
|
Bauxite |
Odisha, Jharkhand (Kodarma, Hazaribagh), Bihar (Gaya and Munger), Maharashtra (Nagpur, Bhandara and Ratnagiri). Rajasthan (Ajmer, Shahpur) Andhra Pradesh (Nellore) |
India is self-reliant in terms of Bauxite. Top producers of Bauxite in India are Odisha (1st place with 42%), Gujarat (2nd place) and Jharkhand (3rd place). |
|
Mica |
Andhra Pradesh (Nellore), Jharkhand (Palamu), Gujarat (Kheda), Madhya Pradesh (Katni, Balaghat, Jabalpur), Chhattisgarh (Bilaspur), Rajasthan |
Currently Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of Mica in India with 72 % of total production, followed by Rajasthan |
|
Gold |
Karnataka (Kolar, Uti and Hutti Gold Mines, Hira-buddini mines) Andhra Pradesh (Ramgiri gold field, Anantapur), Telangana (War-rangal), Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri, Salem), Jharkhand (East Singhbhum) |
99% of the total gold production in India comes from Karnataka itself, followed by Andhra Pradesh. |
|
Diamond |
Madhya Pradesh (Majhgaon / Majhgawan in Panna district, Satna) |
The Kohinoor diamond was extracted from the Golconda mine in Andhra Pradesh. The diamond found here is Madhya Pradesh in veins in the fossilless Vindhya n rock of pre Cambrian rock are considered to be most valuable. |
|
Zinc |
Rajasthan (Udaypur), Odisha Jammu & Kashmir |
Zawar mines, Rajasthan (1st in zinc production) followed by J&K. |
|
Uranium |
Jharkhand (Ranchi, Hazaribagh) |
Jharkhand is the largest producer of Uranium in India. This most important Uranium mine of India is Jadugora mines (East Singhbhum). |
|
Magnesite |
Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh |
Largest reserve of Magnesite (68%) is in Uttarakhand, |
|
Silver |
Rajasthan (Zawar mines), Karnataka (Chitra durg, Bellari), Andhra Pradesh (Kudappa, Guntur), Jharkhand (Santhal Pargana, Easl Singhbhum, Ranchi) |
Rajasthan is the largest producer of Silver in India. |
|
Thorium Pyrite |
Kerala, Rajasthan (Pali, Bhilwara), |
India is the largest producer of Thorium and the largest Thorium reserve of the world is in Kerala. |
|
Chromite |
Jharkhand, Odisha |
Odisha is the largest producer of Chromite. |
|
Tungsten |
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka |
Major Tungsten reserve is in Degana, Rajasthan |
|
Lead |
Jharkhand, Rajasthan (Zawar) |
The largest Lead-reserves in India are found in Rajasthan. |
|
Lignite |
Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan |
The largest Lignite-reserves in India are found in Tamil Nadu. |
|
Tin |
Chhattisgarh |
Almost total production and reserve of Tin is limited to Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. |
|
[Source: Indian Mineral Year Book - 2019, Issued in June, 2020, by Indian Bureau of Mines] |
||
Important Minerals and their Producers (World)
|
Minerals |
First place |
Second place |
Third Place |
|
Iron |
China |
Australia |
Brazil |
|
Copper |
Chili |
Peru |
China |
|
Manganese |
South Africa |
China |
Australia |
|
Bauxite |
Australia |
Guinea |
China |
|
Zinc |
China |
Peru |
Australia |
|
Gold |
China |
Australia |
Russia |
|
Silver |
Mexico |
Peru |
China |
|
Coal |
China |
India |
Indonesia |
|
Uranium |
Kazakhastan |
Canada |
Australia |
|
Mineral oil |
U.SA. |
Russia |
Saudi Arabia |
|
Natural gas |
U.SA. |
Russia |
Iran |
|
Production Year -2019 |
|||
|
Coal Production in India |
|
Coal is the most important and abundant fossil fuel in India and accounts for 55% of the country's energy need. Coal production increased by 12.24% in April-October, 2021 as compared to (-) 3.91% in April-October, 2020. Overall production of raw coal in India during the year 2020-21 was 716.08 million tonnes (provisional) as compared to 730.87 million tonnes achieved in the previous year 2019-20.1 Economic Survey2021-22] |
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