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Moderate Phase (1885-1905) - Indian National Congress
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- Moderate Phase (1885-1905) - Indian National Congress
- Introduction - Indian History
- Historical Sources (Literary & Archaeological Source)
- Human Evolution Pre-Historic Period
- The Stone Age/Lithic Age 30,00,000 BC to 1,000 BC
- 7 Highlights of India's Prehistoric Ages
- Vedic Period (Vedic, Rig Vedic, Later Vedic Period) - 1500 BC - 600 BC Original Homo of The Aryan
- Mahajanapada Period (600 BC- 325 BC)
- Religious Movements (600 BC - 400 BC) – Jainism, Buddhism
- Maurya Period (322 BC - 155 BC)
- Post-Maurya/Pre-Gupta Period (185BC-319 AD)
- The Sangam Period (1st-3rd Century AD)
- Gupta Period (319 AD - 540 AD)
- Post-Gupta Period/Vardhana Dynasty (550 AD - 647 AD)/Pushyabhuti
- Early Medieval Period (650 AD-1206 AD)/ Rajput Period & Cholas
- Sultanate Period (1206-1526AD) - The Delhi Sultanate
- Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1565 AD) & The Other KIngdoms
- Religious Movements in 15th -16th Centuries ( Bhakti & Sufi Movements)
- Mughal Period (1526-1540 and 1555-1857)
- Maratha State (1674-1720) and Maratha Confederacy (1720-1818)
- The Advent of the Europeans (Portuguese, Dutch, French, East India Company)
- Expansion of British Power (In the context of Bengal, Mysore, Punjab etc.)
- Economic Impact of British Rule
- Socio-Religious Movements in 19th-20th Centuries
- Lower Caste/Caste Movements and Organisations
- Extremist Phase (1905-1917)
- The Gandhian Era: 1869–1948
- Miscellaneous - Indian History
- Brahmanic (Hindu) Texts
- Buddhist Texts and Jain Texts
- Historical and Semi-Historical Texts
- Biographical Texts - Indigenous Sources
- Greek Writers - Foreign Sources
- Chinese and Tibetan Writers
- Arabian & Arabic Writers
- Origin & Development of Indian Archaeology
- Inscriptions of Archaeological Sources
- Mauryan Inscriptions
- Post-Mauryan Inscriptions
- Gupta and Later Inscriptions in India
- South Indian Inscriptions
- Mesolithic Age in India (9,000 BC - 4,000 BC)
- Neolithic Age (7,000 BC - 1,000 BC)
- Neolithic Sites in India
- Chalco-Lithic Age (3,500 BC - 1,000 BC)
- Iron Age (1,000 BC–500 BC)
- Iron Using Cultures - Iron Age
- Harappan / Indus Civilization (2500 BC - 1750 BC)
- Vedic Culture (1500 BC – 600 BC)
- Rig Vedic/Early Vedic Period (1500 BC - 1000 BC)
- Later Vedic Period (1000 BC - 600 BC)
- Haryanka Dynasty (544 BC – 412 BC)
- Religious Movements of Jainism (600 BC - 400 BC)
- Religious Movements of Buddhism (600 BC - 400 BC)
- Maurya Period Sources (322 BC - 155 BC)
- Origin of the Maurya Dynasty (322 BC - 155 BC)
- Mauryan Administration & Art (322 BC - 155 BC)
Moderate Phase (1885-1905) - Indian National Congress
Important Organisations before Congress
|
S. |
Organisation |
Place |
Year |
Founder (s) |
|
1 |
Landholders Society |
Calcutta |
1837 |
Dwarka Nath Tagore |
|
2 |
British India Society |
London |
1839 |
William Adam |
|
3 |
British India Association (Result of the merger of 1 and 2) |
Calcutta |
1851 |
Devendra Nath Tagore |
|
4 |
Madras Native Association |
Madras |
1852 |
C.Y. Mudaliar |
|
5 |
Bombay Association |
Bombay |
1852 |
Jagannath Shanker Sheth |
|
6 |
East India Association |
London |
1866 |
Dadabhai Naoroji |
|
7 |
Poona Sarvajanik Sabha |
Poona |
1870 |
S.H. Chiplunkar, G.V. Joshi, M.G. Ranade |
|
8 |
Indian Society |
London |
1872 |
Anand Mohan Bose |
|
9 |
Indian League |
Calcutta |
1875 |
Shishir Kumar Ghosh |
|
|
Indian Association |
Calcutta |
1876 |
Surendra Nath Bannerji and Anand Mohan Bose |
|
|
India National Conference |
Calcutta |
1883 |
----do---- |
|
10 |
Madras Mahajan Sabha |
Madras |
1884 |
P.Rangia Naydu, V. Raghava-chari, Anand Charlu, G.S. Aiyer |
|
11 |
Bombay Presidency Association |
Bombay |
1885 |
Ferozshah Mehta, K.T. Tailang, Badruddin Tyebji |
Indian National Congress (I.N.C.): Bombay, 1885
A.O. Hume
- The Indian National Union was formed in 1884 by A.O. Hume, an Englishman and a retired civil servant, in association with various national leaders who called for a conference in Pune in December 1885.
- The conference received the unanimous support of all Indian leaders, but the venue was shifted to Bombay for various reasons (esp. outbreak of cholera in Pune).
- Further, the leaders decided to rename the Indian National Union as Indian National Congress.
- The first session of the Indian National Congress was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay under the presidentship of W.C. Bannerji, a veteran lawyer of Calcutta.
- It was attended by 72 delegates from all over India.
- From 1885 onwards the INC met every year and its cause spread rapidly among middle class Indians.
- With the foundation of INC in 1885, the struggle for India's independence was launched in a small, hesitant and mild but organized manner.
- The first two decade of INC are described in history as those of moderate demands and a sense of confidence in British justice and generosity. Their aim was not to be aggressive for attaining independence lest the British should suppress this. This resulted in Indian Council Act in 1892 which allowed some members to be indirectly elected by Indians but keeping the official majority intact.
- Moderate Leaders: Dada Bhai Naoroji, A.O. Hume, Badruddin Tayebji, M.G. Ranade, W.C. Bannerji, Ferozshah Mehta, Surendra Nath Bannerji, C. Shankaran Naiyar, Madan Mohan Malviya, V.S. Shrinivas Shastri, Tej Bahadur Sapru, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Anand Mohan Bose, E. Dinesh Wacha, Ras Bihari Ghosh, Mohan Lai Ghosh, P. Anand Charlu, C.Y. Chintamani, R.C. Dutt, S. Subrahmanyam Aiyer, K.T. Tailang, Madhusudan Das, Rahimtulla M. Sayani.
Opinions about INC
'INC represents only a microscopic minority.’ - Lord Dufferin (1884-88) (Contemporary Viceroy)
'The Congress is tottering to its fall, and one of my great ambitions, while in India, is to assist it to a peaceful demise - Lord Curzon (1899-1905) (Viceror)
INC is a begging institute.' - Aurobindo Ghosh (Extremist Leaders)
'INC should distinguish between begging and claiming the rights.' - Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Extremist Leader)
'INC playing with bubbles.' - Bipin Chandra pal (Extremist Leader)
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