Modern India
Socio-Religious Movements in 19th-20th Centuries
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- Socio-Religious Movements In 19th-20th Centuries
- Introduction - Indian History
- Historical Sources (Literary & Archaeological Source)
- Human Evolution Pre-Historic Period
- The Stone Age/Lithic Age 30,00,000 BC to 1,000 BC
- 7 Highlights of India's Prehistoric Ages
- Origin & Culture of Aryans in Vedic India
- Mahajanapada Period (600 BC- 325 BC)
- Religious Movements (600 BC - 400 BC) – Jainism, Buddhism
- Maurya Period (322 BC - 155 BC)
- Post-Maurya/Pre-Gupta Period (185BC-319 AD)
- The Sangam Period (1st-3rd Century AD)
- The Gupta Period (319 AD - 540 AD)
- The Post-Gupta Period/Vardhana Dynasty (550 AD - 647 AD)
- Early Medieval Period: Rajputs to Cholas Overview
- Sultanate Period (1206-1526AD) - The Delhi Sultanate
- Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1565 AD) & The Other KIngdoms
- Religious Movements in 15th -16th Centuries ( Bhakti & Sufi Movements)
- Mughal Period (1526-1540 and 1555-1857)
- Maratha State (1674-1720) and Maratha Confederacy (1720-1818)
- The Advent of the Europeans (Portuguese, Dutch, French, East India Company)
- Expansion of British Power (In the context of Bengal, Mysore, Punjab etc.)
- Economic Impact of British Rule
- Lower Caste/Caste Movements and Organisations
- Moderate Phase (1885-1905) - Indian National Congress
- Extremist Phase (1905-1917)
- The Gandhian Era: 1869–1948
- Miscellaneous - Indian History
- Brahmanic (Hindu) Texts
- Buddhist Texts and Jain Texts
- Historical and Semi-Historical Texts
- Biographical Texts - Indigenous Sources
- Greek Writers - Foreign Sources
- Chinese and Tibetan Writers
- Arabian & Arabic Writers
- Origin & Development of Indian Archaeology
- Inscriptions of Archaeological Sources
- Mauryan Inscriptions
- Post-Mauryan Inscriptions
- Gupta and Later Inscriptions in India
- South Indian Inscriptions
- Mesolithic Age in India (9,000 BC - 4,000 BC)
- Neolithic Age (7,000 BC - 1,000 BC)
- Neolithic Sites in India
- Chalco-Lithic Age (3,500 BC - 1,000 BC)
- Iron Age (1,000 BC–500 BC)
- Iron Using Cultures - Iron Age
- Harappan / Indus Civilization (2500 BC - 1750 BC)
- Vedic Culture (1500 BC – 600 BC)
- Rig Vedic/Early Vedic Period (1500 BC - 1000 BC)
- Later Vedic Period (1000 BC - 600 BC)
- Haryanka Dynasty (544 BC – 412 BC)
- Religious Movements of Jainism (600 BC - 400 BC)
- Religious Movements of Buddhism (600 BC - 400 BC)
- Maurya Period Sources (322 BC - 155 BC)
- Origin of the Maurya Dynasty (322 BC - 155 BC)
- Mauryan Administration & Art (322 BC - 155 BC)
- Gupta Administration: Society, Economy & Culture
Socio-Religious Movements in 19th-20th Centuries
Socio-Religious Movements and Organisations
Year |
Place |
Name of the Organisation |
Founder |
1815 |
Calcutta |
Atmiya Sabha |
Rammohan Roy |
1828 |
Calcutta |
Brahmo Samaj |
Rammohan Roy |
1829 |
Calcutta |
Dharma Sabha |
Radhakant Dev |
1839 |
Calcutta |
Tattvabodhini Sabha |
Debendranath Tagore |
1840 |
Punjab |
Nirankaris |
Dayal Das, Darbara Singh, Rattan Chand etc. |
1844 |
Surat |
Manav Dharma Sabha |
Durgaram Mancharam |
1849 |
Bombay |
Paramhansa Mandli |
Dadoba Pandurang |
1857 |
Punjab |
Namdharis |
Ram Singh |
1861 |
Agra |
Radha Swami Satsang |
Tulsi Ram |
1866 |
Calcutta |
Brahmo Samaj of India |
Keshab Chandra Sen |
1866 |
Deoband |
Dar-ul-Ulum |
Maulana Hussain Ahmed |
1867 |
Bombay |
Prarthna Samaj |
Atmaram Pandurang |
1875 |
Bombay |
Arya Samaj |
Swami Dayanand Saraswati |
1875 |
New York |
Theosophical Society (USA) |
Madam H.P. Blavatsky and Col H.S. Olcott |
1878 |
Calcutta |
Sadharan Brahmo Samaj |
Anand Mohan Bose |
1884 |
Pune (Poona) |
Deccan Education Society |
G.G. Agarkar |
1886 |
Aligarh |
Muhammadan Educational Conference |
Syed Ahmad Khan |
1887 |
Bombay |
Indian National Conference |
M.G. Ranade |
1887 |
Lahore |
Deva Samaj |
Shivnarayan Agnihotri |
1894 |
Lucknow |
Nadwah-ul-Ulama |
Maulana Shibli Numani |
1897 |
Belur |
Ramakrishna Mission |
Swami Vivekanand |
1905 |
Bombay |
Servants of Indian Gopal Krishna Gokhale Society |
Gopal Krishna Gokhale |
1909 |
Pune (Poona) |
Poona Seva Sadan |
Mrs Ramabai Ranade and G.K. Devadhar |
1911 |
Bombay |
Social Service League |
N.M. Joshi |
1914 |
Allahabad |
Seva Samiti |
H.N. Kunzru |
Important Socio-Religious Reformers
Swami Sahajanand (1781-1830): His original name being Gyanashyama, founded the Swaminarayan sect in Gujarat, which believed in a theistic God and prescribed a moral code for its followers.
Raja Rammohan Roy (1772-1833): Bom in 1772 at Radhanagar in Burdwan district (West Bengal) founded Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta in 1815 to propagate monotheism and reforms in the Hindu society. The Atmiya Sabha was named Brahmo Sabha and finally Brahmo Samaj in 1828, launched a movement for the abolition of Sati through his journal Sabad Kaumudi (1819).
Debendranath Tagore (1817-1905): Took over the leadership of the Brahmo Samaj after Raja Rammohan Roy. Founded Tattvabodhini Sabha in 1839 and published Tattvabodhini Patrika, a Bengali monthly to propagate the ideas of Raja Rammohan Roy. In 1859, the Tattvabodhini Sabha was amalgamated with the Brahmo Samaj. He compiled selected passages from the Upanishads, which came to be known as Brahma Dharma.
Keshav Chandra Sen (1838-1884): Keshav Chandra Sen was the leader of the Brahmo Samaj during the absence of Debendranath Tagore. He started Bamabodhini Patrika, a journal for women. He launched radical reforms, such as giving up of caste names, inter-caste and widow remarriages and launched movement against child marriages. These radical reforms led to the first schism in the Brahmo Samaj. The original Brahmo Samaj came to be known as Adi Brahmo Samaj and the other, the Brahmo Samaj of India which was established by Keshav Chandra Sen in 1866. Sen formed the Indian Reform Association in 1870, which persuaded the British Government to enact the Native Marriage Act of 1872 (popularly known as Civil Marriage Act) legalising the Brahmo marriages and fixing the minimum marriageable age for boys and girls.
Atmaram Pandurang (1823-1898): Atmaram Pandurang founded Prarthana Samaj in 1867 in Bombay. M.G. Ranade joined it in 1870.
Swami Dayanand Saraswati (1824-1883): Swami Dayana nd Saraswati, originally known as Mula Shankar founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 in Bombay, wrote Satyartha Prakash (in Hindi) and Veda-Bhashya Bhumika (partly in Hindi and partly in Sanskrit).
Blavatsky (1831-91) and Olcott (1832-1907): Madam H.P. Blavatsky, a Russian woman and Col. H.S. Olcott, an American, founded the Theosophical Society in New York in 1875, but shifted the headquarter of the Society to Adyar near Madras in 1882.
Swami Vivekanand (1863-1902): Swami Vivekanand (originally Narendranath Dutta), founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1887 as a social service league which was registered as a Trust in 1897.
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