Modern India

Socio-Religious Movements in 19th-20th Centuries

By Examguru / 04 Oct, 2023 / Download PDF

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Socio-Religious Movements in 19th-20th Centuries

Socio-Religious Movements and Organisations

Year

Place

Name of the Organisation

Founder

1815

Calcutta

Atmiya Sabha

Rammohan Roy

1828

Calcutta

Brahmo Samaj

Rammohan Roy

1829

Calcutta

Dharma Sabha

Radhakant Dev

1839

Calcutta

Tattvabodhini Sabha

Debendranath Tagore

1840

Punjab

Nirankaris

Dayal Das, Darbara Singh, Rattan Chand etc.

1844

Surat

Manav Dharma Sabha

Durgaram Mancharam

1849

Bombay

Paramhansa Mandli

Dadoba Pandurang

1857

Punjab

Namdharis

Ram Singh

1861

Agra

Radha Swami Satsang

Tulsi Ram

1866

Calcutta

Brahmo Samaj of India

Keshab Chandra Sen

1866

Deoband

Dar-ul-Ulum

Maulana Hussain Ahmed

1867

Bombay

Prarthna Samaj

Atmaram Pandurang

1875

Bombay

Arya Samaj

Swami Dayanand Saraswati

1875

New York

 Theosophical Society (USA)

Madam H.P. Blavatsky and Col H.S. Olcott

1878

Calcutta

Sadharan Brahmo Samaj

Anand Mohan Bose

1884

Pune  (Poona)

Deccan Education Society

G.G. Agarkar

1886

Aligarh

Muhammadan Educational Conference

Syed Ahmad Khan

1887

Bombay

Indian National Conference

M.G. Ranade

1887

Lahore

Deva Samaj

Shivnarayan Agnihotri

1894

Lucknow

Nadwah-ul-Ulama

Maulana Shibli Numani

1897

Belur

Ramakrishna Mission

Swami Vivekanand

1905

Bombay

Servants of Indian Gopal Krishna Gokhale Society

Gopal Krishna Gokhale

1909

Pune  (Poona)

Poona Seva Sadan

Mrs Ramabai Ranade and G.K. Devadhar

1911

Bombay

Social Service League

N.M. Joshi

1914

Allahabad

 Seva Samiti

H.N. Kunzru

Important Socio-Religious Reformers

Swami Sahajanand (1781-1830): His original name being Gyanashyama, founded the Swaminarayan sect in Gujarat, which believed in a theistic God and prescribed a moral code for its followers.

Raja Rammohan Roy (1772-1833): Bom in 1772 at Radhanagar in Burdwan district (West Bengal) founded Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta in 1815 to propagate monotheism and reforms in the Hindu society. The Atmiya Sabha was named Brahmo Sabha and finally Brahmo Samaj in 1828, launched a movement for the abolition of Sati through his journal Sabad Kaumudi (1819).

Debendranath Tagore (1817-1905): Took over the leadership of the Brahmo Samaj after Raja Rammohan Roy. Founded Tattvabodhini Sabha in 1839 and published Tattvabodhini Patrika, a Bengali monthly to propagate the ideas of Raja Rammohan Roy. In 1859, the Tattvabodhini Sabha was amalgamated with the Brahmo Samaj. He compiled selected passages from the Upanishads, which came to be known as Brahma Dharma.

Keshav Chandra Sen (1838-1884): Keshav Chandra Sen was the leader of the Brahmo Samaj during the absence of Debendranath Tagore. He started Bamabodhini Patrika, a journal for women. He launched radical reforms, such as giving up of caste names, inter-caste and widow remarriages and launched movement against child marriages. These radical reforms led to the first schism in the Brahmo Samaj. The original Brahmo Samaj came to be known as Adi Brahmo Samaj and the other, the Brahmo Samaj of India which was established by Keshav Chandra Sen in 1866. Sen formed the Indian Reform Association in 1870, which persuaded the British Government to enact the Native Marriage Act of 1872 (popularly known as Civil Marriage Act) legalising the Brahmo marriages and fixing the minimum marriageable age for boys and girls.

Atmaram Pandurang (1823-1898): Atmaram Pandurang founded Prarthana Samaj in 1867 in Bombay. M.G. Ranade joined it in 1870.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati (1824-1883): Swami Dayana nd Saraswati, originally known as Mula Shankar founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 in Bombay, wrote Satyartha Prakash (in Hindi) and Veda-Bhashya Bhumika (partly in Hindi and partly in Sanskrit).

Blavatsky (1831-91) and Olcott (1832-1907): Madam H.P. Blavatsky, a Russian woman and Col. H.S. Olcott, an American, founded the Theosophical Society in New York in 1875, but shifted the headquarter of the Society to Adyar near Madras in 1882.

Swami Vivekanand (1863-1902): Swami Vivekanand (originally Narendranath Dutta), founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1887 as a social service league which was registered as a Trust in 1897.

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