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Ancient India
Pre-Historic Period (30,00,000 BC - 600 BC) Human Evolution
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- Pre-Historic Period (30,00,000 BC - 600 BC) Human Evolution
- Introduction - Indian History
- Historical Sources (Literary & Archaeological Source)
- The Stone Age/Lithic Age 30,00,000 BC - 1,000 BC (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic)
- Pre Harappan, Harappan, Post Harappan Age/Calco-Lithic Age (3,500 BC - 1,000 BC)
- Vedic Period (Vedic, Rig Vedic, Later Vedic Period) - 1500 BC - 600 BC Original Homo of The Aryan
- Mahajanapada Period (600 BC-325 BC)
- Religious Movements (600 BC - 400 BC) – Jainism, Buddhism
- Maurya Period (322 BC - 155 BC)
- Post-Maurya/Pre-Gupta Period (185BC-319 AD)
- The Sangam Period (1st-3rd Century AD)
- Gupta Period (319 AD - 540 AD)
- Post-Gupta Period/Vardhana Dynasty (550 AD - 647 AD)/Pushyabhuti
- Early Medieval Period (650 AD-1206 AD)/ Rajput Period & Cholas
- Sultanate Period (1206-1526AD) - The Delhi Sultanate
- Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1565 AD) & The Other KIngdoms
- Religious Movements in 15th -16th Centuries ( Bhakti & Sufi Movements)
- Mughal Period (1526-1540 and 1555-1857)
- Maratha State (1674-1720) and Maratha Confederacy (1720-1818)
- The Advent of the Europeans (Portuguese, Dutch, French, East India Company)
- Expansion of British Power (In the context of Bengal, Mysore, Punjab etc.)
- Economic Impact of British Rule
- Socio-Religious Movements in 19th-20th Centuries
- Lower Caste/Caste Movements and Organisations
- Moderate Phase (1885-1905) - Indian National Congress
- Extremist Phase (1905-1917)
- The Gandhian Era (1917-47) Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948): Chronologic Overview
- Miscellaneous - Indian History
Pre-Historic Period (30,00,000 BC - 600 BC) Human Evolution
- Africa was the original homeland of humans. For this reason Africa is called 'the Cradle of Humankind'.
- The following two theories are prevalent in connection with human evolution & development—Unitary origin theory & Parallel origin theory. In which the more thrust is on first theory i.e, Unitary origin theory.
Unitary Origin Theory :
According to this theory, modem human evolved originally from homo erectus in Africa, and then by migrating along different routes they settled in different regions of the earth.
Parallel Origin Theory:
According to this theory, modern human evolved in parallel from several dispersed homo erectus population of the world at the same time the Vedic Aryans.
Human Evolution |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Australopithecus Africanus (50,00,000 BC - 30,00,000 BC) |
Homo Erectus / Pithecanthropus (30,00,000 BC – 1,00,000 BC) | Homo Sapien Neanderthal (1,00,000 BC 40,000 BC) | Homo Sapien Sapien / Cro-Magnon (40,000 BC – 10,000 BC) |
| Importance : Early ancestor humans | Earliest biped human | Nomenclature on the basis of Neanderthal (German name of Neander valley of Germany) | The latest ancestor of modem man, Scientific name of modem man – Homo Sapien, Specific research-names-Cro-Magnon (local name of a rock shelter, France), Chancelade (France), Grimaldi (Italy) etc. |
| Archaeological Remains : Archaeological remains found in Africa only, Fossils – Australopithecus ( child skull), Lucy (Female skelton, Lucy is known as Mother of Man) | Archaeological remain found in Africa, Asia &Europe, Fossil found India-Hathnora/Narmada human (Human Female Skull, Hathnora is a village situated on the northern bank of Narmada river in Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh) | Archaeological remains found in Africa, Asia & Europe | Archaeological remains found almost everywhere on the earth. |
| Geographical Distribution : Limited to Africa only | Extensive geographical , distribution (Africa, Asia & Europe) | Extensive geographical , distribution (Africa, Asia & Europe) | Extended to almost everywhere on the earth |
| Special Features : Knew free use of Hands | Discovery of fire | First men who started burying their dead. | Early sign of evolution of three original human races ( Caucessold, Mongolold & Negroid) |
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